<p>St. Peter&#39;s Episcopal Church, now a museum, is a former church at 411 L Street in Neligh, Nebraska. It was built in 1887 and was added to the National Register in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>An Episcopalian congregation was organized in Neligh in 1881. Land was purchased for a church in 1887 on the corner of what was then Cottonwood and Main Streets. The building was completed in late 1887 and consecrated in March 1888. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in December 1980.</p><br>
<p>The building is now the Pioneer Church, part of the Antelope County Museum complex.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church is a one story frame structure with vertical tongue and groove siding below the window sills and horizontal clapboard siding above. The roof sections are gabled, all windows have pointed arches.</p><br>
<p>The church design was influenced by the Church of St. James the Less in Philadelphia (1846). The St. James church was the first in the USA to be built from designs and under the direct supervision of London, England&#39;s Cambridge Camden Society. St. Peters makes allowances for its role as a small town church by using frame construction rather than the buttressed stone construction of its archetype. Other differences are a bell fixture rather than frontal tower and spire, and clipped gables on the end sections of the nave and chancel. St. Peters is a well-preserved 19th century American Gothic Revival building.</p><br>
<p>The Creole House is a historic residence in the village of Prairie du Rocher, an old French settlement in present-day Randolph County, Illinois, United States. Built at the end of the eighteenth century and later expanded, the Creole House is the last survivor in Illinois of its type of vernacular architecture, and it forms an important part of the built environment of a portion of the Upper Mississippi Valley that possesses an unparalleled connection to the French settlement period.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>French settlers founded Prairie du Rocher circa 1722. At least twelve surviving houses in the village were built in the eighteenth century, including the Meilliere House, which was constructed in 1735. One of these is the Creole House, built around 1800, which was constructed in the French Colonial style by an unknown English-speaking immigrant from the eastern United States. The builder was one of Illinois earliest American settlers; only about eight hundred Americans lived without the bounds of the present state of Illinois in 1800, including just one hundred within present-day Randolph County. From 1830 until 1848, it was owned by William Henry, a local miller, Brickey moved into the house around 1855, and three years later he arranged for the house to be doubled in size. His heirs owned the house for many decades, although by the 1930s, they were renting it instead of living there themselves. The houses most significant resident was Henry Clay Hansbrough; the son of E.C. Hansbrough, he grew up to be a nationally prominent Republican politician and a USA senator from North Dakota.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Although it was built by Americans, the Creole House is a typical example of a French colonial style known as poteaux-sur-sol, which is otherwise unknown in present-day Illinois. Such houses were constructed by erecting a palisade of logs on top of a stone foundation, rather than using horizontal beams or studs like more modern designs. While the roof is supported by oak beam rafters, the original roof no longer survives; it is presently composed of modern composite shingles. Atop the stone foundation, pine boards have been laid to form the floor, and the interior walls are plastered. Multiple fireplaces are placed in the various rooms, with wooden mantels around them.</p><br>
<p>The original portion of the house forms the southern half of the present structure; the northern half is the 1850s addition, which features a more modern stud-based form of construction. While the halves are separate from each other, the newer northern portion and older southern portion appear similar on the exterior, since both were sided when the northern portion was built. Because the shallow gabled roof extends past the western front of the house, it forms a large overhang that has been adapted into a long porch. The partially wooded lawn is surrounded by a fence of cast iron.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1973, the Creole House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places; it was the fourth Randolph County property to gain this distinction. The house qualified for inclusion on the Register because of its colonial architecture, as it is the only known original house of its type remaining in Illinois. By that time, it was no longer a residence; although vacant, it was owned by the Randolph County Historical Society, which was in the process of restoring it. One year after it was added to the National Register, much of Prairie du Rocher and the surrounding portions of the American Bottom were designated a historic district, the French Colonial Historic District, and listed on the National Register. Although the district included sites as varied as the remains of old Kaskaskia, the site of Fort de Chartres, and archaeological sites such as the historic Kolmer Site and the prehistoric Modoc Rock Shelter, the Creole House was deemed one of the district&#39;s core components. By designating the area a historic district, Illinois historic preservation officials hoped to highlight the significance of places such as the Creole House because of their connection to the strong French influence on the region. The house remains in use by the historical society, which hosts historical events at the property.</p><br>
<p>The Tarangire River is a perennial river located in the eastern branch of the East African Rift Valley, within northern Tanzania in East Africa.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The headwaters of the Tarangire River are in the highlands and escarpments of Babati District of the Manyara Region and Kondoa District of the Dodoma Region, primarily the Irangi Hills and Irangi Escarpment in Kondoa District. The river rises in the Wasi Highlands, falls down the eastern Kondoa Escarpment. It flows east to Chubi where it then turns north to flow through Tarangire National Park.</p><br>
<p>It then turns west and then south, before terminating at its river mouth on Lake Burunge.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Much of the Tarangire River headwaters in the Irangi Hills headwaters area is forested with Miombo woodland habitat trees and lower plants, that are designated for protection within the Salanka, Bereko, and Isabe Forest Reserves. Deforestation for agriculture and degradation of forests in the Irangi Hills and along the Irangi Escarpment is contributing to reductions in the Tarangire River&#39;s watershed function and aquifer recharge.</p><br>
<p>The discharge in the Tarangire River is highly seasonal and varies annually. In the wet season, rainfall in the Irangi Hills and throughout the catchment causes a high rate of flow with rapid rises and falls in water level. Rainfall occurs almost exclusively in November–January and March–May. It is highly variable, with a mean total annual rainfall of 656 mm (coefficient of variation=36.4%, range 313–1,322). River flow in the dry season is slow (about 0.005 cubic meters per second) and steadily decreasing as water is released from sediments, until long stretches of the riverbed are dry.</p><br>
<p>The Tarangire River is the primary source of fresh water for migratory ungulates and other wildlife of the Tarangire Ecosystem during the annual dry season.</p><br>
<p>The Coombe Historic District is a national historic district located at Felton, Kent County, Delaware. It encompasses two contributing buildings and one contributing structure near the town of Felton representing an unusual mixture of archaeological resources, both prehistoric and historic, in combination with two excellent examples of domestic architecture from the 18th and 19th centuries. They are the brick Benjamin Coombe House, built in 1778, and the frame Caldwell House, built about 1872, with their respective outbuildings. It also includes the Hopkins Cemetery, begun in the late-19th century, and three historic archaeological house sites, as well as an area of prehistoric occupation that was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as "Area F" in the Hughes Early Man Complex.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Saint Mary&#39;s School is a school building located at 400 Congdon Street in Chelsea, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1830, Irish Catholics first came to the Chelsea area. At first, masses were said in the homes of individual churchgoers, but in 1844, the mission of St. Mary of Sylvan was constructed. Masses were said irregularly until 1869, when a new church, known as Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, was constructed. The church gained parish status in 1878, and at some point in the early 1900s, the parish began using "Our Lady of the Sacred Heart" and "St. Mary" interchangeably.</p><br>
<p>The first St. Mary&#39;s School, located across the street from the rectory, was constructed in 1906 for first through eighth grade students. likely due to a faulty furnace. The parish immediately began plans for a new school, hiring Detroit architect Arthur DesRosiers to design it and George Talbot as the contractor. The building was completed by November 1925.</p><br>
<p>By 1961, the parish church was deteriorating, and it was dismantled. The parish built a new church in another area. School attendance dropped, and in 1968 grades 7 and 8 were discontinued. The school closed completely in 1972. The parish used the school for educational and social purposes until 1998, when it built a new parish center for its educational programs. At that time, actor Jeff Daniels purchased the building from the parish and donated it to the Chelsea Center for the Development of the Arts. As of 2013, it is used as the home of the Chelsea Center for the Arts, with the Great Hall used as rehearsal space for the Purple Rose Theatre Company.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St. Mary&#39;s School is a two-story structure, constructed in an academic Gothic Revival style. and contains a total of 13,745 square footage: 9,315 square feet in the school building and 4430 square feet in the adjacent Great Hall.</p><br>
<p>First Evangelical United Church of Christ, also known as the Fifth Street Church and German Reformed Church, is a historic United Church of Christ church located at 111 Fifth Street in Aurora, Dearborn County, Indiana. It was originally constructed in 1848 as a Greek Revival style Baptist church. It was remodeled in 1911 in the Gothic Revival style. It is a one-story, red brick building measuring 40 feet, 6 inches, wide by 60 feet deep. It features arched openings and a projecting front tower topped by an octagonal spire. A parish hall was added to the church between 1932 and 1934. It is the oldest church building in Aurora.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It is located in the Downtown Aurora Historic District.</p><br>
<p>North West Solitary Island is an island found off the New South Wales coast and inside the continental shelf. It is located 30 km north-east of Coffs Harbour and about 18 km south of Wooli.</p><br>
<p>The island is part of the Solitary Islands Marine Park established 2 January 1998 and managed by the New South Wales Maritime Parks Authority.</p><br>
<p>Rocks on North West Solitary Island consist of repeating beds of sillicaceous argillite, mudstone and sandstone. The argillite probably formed from volcanic ash falls. The beds are 5 to 10 cm thick. The strike of the beds is between 0° and 20° with overturned beds dipping to the east. The mudstone shows cleavage at an angle steeper than the bedding planes by 20°. Tectonically it is part of the Coffs Harbour Block which in turn is part of the New England Orogen.</p><br>
<p>South West Solitary Island or Groper Island is an island found off the New South Wales North coast and inside the continental shelf. It is located 18 km north-east of Coffs Harbour and about 18 km south-south-east of Woolgoolga.</p><br>
<p>The island is part of the Solitary Islands Marine Park established 2 January 1998 and managed by the NSW Maritime Parks Authority.</p><br>
<p>Rocks on South West Solitary Island consist of repeating beds of mudstone and sandstone. The sandstone is medium to coarse grained. Some beds are 5 to 10 cm thick, whereas others are up to 3 m thick. The strike of the beds is between 350° and 60° with dipping at 41° to 67°. There is an anticline with syncline on the southwest of the island. Tectonically it is part of the Coffs Harbour Block which in turn is part of the New England Orogen.</p><br>
<p>Kelly Lake is rectangular in shape, but is about six times as long as it is wide. This lake is a manmade freshwater lake in south Lakeland, Florida. It appears to have been a mine excavation that was landscaped to become a lake. This lake has a 6.77 acre surface area. It is bounded on the east by a large strip mall and on the south by North Parkway Frontage Road, which is on the north side of Polk Parkway. On the west and north Kelly Lake is bordered by villas, which are listed as managed by Villas Associates Owners. Village Associates Owners maintains a tennis court on northeast edge of the lake and on the north side, at 570 Caribbean Drive, maintains a clubhouse and a swimming pool. The clubhouse is actually an island just off the north shore and a boardwalk connects it to shore. This island clubhouse is 65 ft long and 55 ft wide.</p><br>
<p>Kelly Lake&#39;s south side can be accessed by fishermen along the street public right of way. However, there is no other public access, as there is nowhere the public may swim or launch any kind of boat.</p><br>
<p>Mantapsan  is a mountain in the south of North Hamgyong Province in North Korea. The granite peak, which reaches an elevation of 2,205 m, is part of the Hamgyong Mountains. It is located on the border between Kilju County, Myŏnggan County and Orang County.</p><br>
<p>Political prisoners were reportedly forced to dig tunnels into the southern side of the mountain, at the nuclear test site near P&#39;unggye-ri. The horizontal tunnels are believed to be two to three meters wide and high and hundreds of meters long. This is where the detonations of the North Korean nuclear tests in 2006, 2009, 2013 and 2016 occurred.</p><br>
<p>Hwasong concentration camp, at 549 km&sup2; the largest North Korean concentration camp, is located between Mantapsan and Myŏnggan (Hwasŏng).</p><br>
<p>Stanydale Temple is a Neolithic site on Mainland, Shetland. It is located in a field to the south of the modern village of Stanydale, roughly 21 mi by road northwest of Lerwick, to the northeast of the village of Gruting. Once a roofed building, all that remains is a large, walled enclosure. There is uncertainty about the original purpose of the building, but its unusual size indicates some communal purpose, or that it was possibly the home of an important person.</p><br>
<p>It is designated a scheduled monument.</p><br>
<h2>Location and origins</h2><br>
<p>The building lies within a field of about 8 acre almost completely surrounded by a dry stone wall.</p><br>
<p>The field contains two smaller stone houses and about 30 mounds of stone.</p><br>
<p>The stones would have been cleared from the field to enable cultivation.</p><br>
<p>The settlement may well have been established in 2500–2000 BC, when Neolithic farmers first came to Shetland.</p><br>
<p>Pottery sherds show that it was also occupied in the late Bronze Age (1000–700 BC) and early Iron Age (600–400 BC).</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The smaller houses both have a large central space and some small rooms.</p><br>
<p>The main building is heel-shaped with a concave facade, as are other neolithic buildings in Shetland.</p><br>
<p>It has a shallow crescent-shaped forecourt.</p><br>
<p>An alcove outside the door may have been a guardroom.</p><br>
<p>The building is entered from the forecourt via a short, dog-legged passage.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s walls enclose an oval area about 40 by with six shallow recesses.</p><br>
<p>Excavations have found two post holes along the axis of the oval that each contained the carbonized remains of a spruce post 10 in in width. The species of spruce, Picea abies (Norway spruce), is not native to Scotland; the posts were presumably driftwood carried across from Scandinavia. The floor of the building also contained charcoal from Scots Pine. The building most likely had a wooden ridge roof. There would have been few if any trees on the island when Stanydale was built, but driftwood must have been plentiful since it would have taken 700 m of timber to construct the roof.</p><br>
<h2>Usage</h2><br>
<p>Charles S. T. Calder explored the site in 1949. He thought that Stanydale was a temple, a name that has stuck,</p><br>
<p>with a design originating from Mediterranean temples.</p><br>
<p>He saw a strong resemblance to these structures, saying, "It is almost impossible not to assume that the Maltese temples are the prototypes from which Stanydale is derived and which solve the question of its purpose."</p><br>
<p>Other archaeologists have cast doubt on the "temple" theory, but agree that the building is unique in Shetland of the period in apparently being designed for communal use or for a high-status person.</p><br>
<p>Excavations have found sherds of Beaker pottery and flat-based pots.</p><br>
<p>Burnt barley grains have been found, as well as the remains of sheep and cattle.</p><br>
<p>One of the buildings at Stanydale contained saddle-querns and grain-rubbers, which would have been used to grind the barley.</p><br>
<p>White Hall on the Ware River near Zanoni, Gloucester County, Virginia, was the ancestral home of the prominent Willis family of colonial Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The Willises were one of the First Families of Virginia, with the first settler arriving by 1642. Other family members include the Francis Willis (academic) and Francis Willis (Representative).</p><br>
<p>The 2 1/2-story brick home on the property since 1836 was described as "an excellent example of the temple-form dwelling so popular in this region during the early decades of the 19th Century" in a 1984 nomination for the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>"With its classical, temple-like mass, White Hall epitomizes the neo-classical spirit which pervades early American decorative art," the nomination adds.</p><br>
<p>The nomination, approved by the Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, describes the home as a mix of original construction by Dr. Samuel Powell Byrd in 1836 and a series of renovations.</p><br>
<p>The living room and dining room contain "handsome colonial revival paneling" from a 1938 restoration but mantels that are much earlier with "quirked moldings, carried on flanking Tucsan colonetts" and the original doors opening on the front porch facing the Ware River.</p><br>
<p>White Hall sits on a 7-acre tract on the Ware River near the mouth of Wilson Creek and is reached by a long, curving drive lined with mature cedars.</p><br>
<p>The house is the successor to an earlier, one-story brick house built by the Willis family.</p><br>
<p>The land was patented in 1666 by Francis Willis, the first in the family to arrive in Virginia from Oxford, England. He served as a delegate from Gloucester County to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1652.</p><br>
<p>Francis Willis returned to England and bequeathed the estate upon his death in 1690 to a nephew, Francis Willis. He is believed to have started the first house, which measured 56 feet by 22 feet. A wing added later measured 17 feet by 25 feet.</p><br>
<p>The nephew left the house to his son Francis, who became the head of a prominent Virginia family and served in the House of Burgesses in 1748.</p><br>
<p>The home is located about six miles southeast of the Gloucester County Courthouse and is one of several National Register of Historic Places listings in Gloucester County, Virginia. It is privately owned.</p><br>
<p>The Oram Nincehelser House is a historic residence in the village of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, United States. Built for a nineteenth-century local doctor, it has been named a historic site because of its distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Oram Nincehelser</h2><br>
<p>Born in Pennsylvania, John Nincehelser married the former Hannah Longabough, and after moving from state to state for a number of years, the Nincehelsers settled in Wayne Township in Champaign County, Ohio, near the community of Cable. Four children were born to their union, of which the youngest who survived to adulthood was their son Oram A. Nicehelser. The family were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In adulthood, Oram became a physician, opening a practice in 1887 and continuing for more than thirty years; during his first six years, he engaged in partnership with a neighbor, Dr. J.H. Clark, but they later operated separate practices. Nincehelser was active in the local Masonic organizations; he was an officer for one of Mechanicsburg&#39;s two Masonic lodges, and he was a member of a Scottish Rite 32° club.</p><br>
<p>By the 1890s, Nincehelsers practice had made him a wealthy man; Mechanicsburgs growth was attracting many professionals, and he was one of at least three physicians active in the community. Accordingly, after marrying a woman from New York City, he arranged for the construction of a large Queen Anne-style house on Main Street just north of downtown Mechanicsburg. The magnificent new residence was built primarily to impress his new bride, but the couple did not live long in the house: Mrs. Nincehelser deserted her husband after just a few years of marriage. In later years, the original meeting hall of Mechanicsburg&#39;s Odd Fellows lodge burned, and Nincehelser sold his home to them in 1931; he had lived alone in the house since his wife left him.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Nincehelser House is a large residence built primarily in the Queen Anne style, but it includes other stylistic elements, such as a main entrance recessed from the facade, stained glass windows, and a Palladian window. Built of brick with assorted stone elements, the house rests on a stone foundation and is covered with a slate roof. Uniformity is absent from the design; the primarily hipped roof of the two-and-a-half-story residence comprises multiple components, the overall floor plan is asymmetrical, and the windows are of diverse shapes and sizes.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1985, the Oram Nincehelser House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and because of its place as the home of a prominent local citizen. It was one of numerous Mechanicsburg properties (largely houses) listed on the National Register at the same time as part of a multiple property submission; a historic district designation had been considered, but it was rejected because the historic properties were scattered among many more non-historic properties. Among the other newly designated properties were the John H. Clark House and the Demand-Gest House, homes of Nincehelser&#39;s medical colleagues located in the same block of North Main.</p><br>
<p>The Chiusella valley  is a valley in the Province of Turin .</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Valchiusella takes its name from Chiusella, a right-hand tributary of the Dora Baltea which flows through the valley.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The valley starts in the Graian Alps from the rough mountains where it meets with Aosta and Soana valleys and initially encompasses an almost unpopulated area used as pasturage during the summer. After Traversella the valley widens and becomes a hilly area punctuated with several small towns and villages.</p><br>
<h3>Municipalities of the valley</h3><br>
<p>The Val Chiusella is divided among the municipalities of:</p><br>
<p>Alice Superiore,</p><br>
<p>Brosso,</p><br>
<p>Issiglio,</p><br>
<p>Lugnacco,</p><br>
<p>Meugliano,</p><br>
<p>Pecco,</p><br>
<p>Rueglio,</p><br>
<p>Trausella,</p><br>
<p>Traversella,</p><br>
<p>Vico Canavese,</p><br>
<p>Vidracco,</p><br>
<p>Vistrorio</p><br>
<h2>Notable summits</h2><br>
<p>Among the summits which surround the valley (all belonging to the Graian Alps) there are:</p><br>
<p>Monfandì - 2.819 m</p><br>
<p>Monte Giavino - 2.766 m</p><br>
<p>Monte Marzo - 2.756 m</p><br>
<p>Punta Liamau - 2.734 m</p><br>
<p>Punta Mariasco - 2.412 m</p><br>
<p>Monte Gregorio - 1955 m</p><br>
<p>Cima Bossola - 1.510 m</p><br>
<p>The Martha Ellen Auditorium, now the State Theatre, was built 1916 in Central City, the county seat of Merrick County in the state of Nebraska in the midwestern United States. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, as a well-preserved example of a Nebraska opera house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The early 1900s were a time of relative prosperity in Central City, Merrick County, and Nebraska more generally after the recession of the 1890s; this episode of prosperity culminated with World War I (1914&ndash;1918), which increased the demand and raised the prices for agricultural products. The early 1900s thus marked a period of considerable growth in Central City with a number of buildings built and businesses established. It was a time before radio or television, when silent movies were only beginning to become available in rural Nebraska. Entertainment was available to rural Nebraskans in the form of musical concerts, comic operas, performances by touring companies, and vaudeville performers, but only if there was a suitable venue.</p><br>
<p>It was in this context that the opera house was built in 1916 by Colonel William C. Shelton, who named it after his daughter. When the Central City Nonpareil announced the opening of the theater, it declared:</p><br>
<p>Col. C. Shelton deserves the patronage of every resident of our city as renumeration for his progressive spirit in giving the play goers of Central City such a house. The investment was prompted by a spirit of community advancement for the returns cannot possibly pay interest on the investment Mr. Shelton is putting into this building (2 Nov. 1916:1).</p><br>
<p>The new venue furnished a variety of entertainments. A list of events from 1916 and 1917 includes films, among them D. W. Griffith&#39;s The Birth of a Nation and The Avenging Conscience, operas, lectures, plays, and a heavyweight wrestling match. Both traveling and local performers occupied the stage: in December 1916, for example, the Martha Ellen presented the opera The Bohemian Girl, staged by the Aborn Opera Company, and the play The Dream That Came True, staged by the local junior class.</p><br>
<p>Opera-house entertainment went into a decline beginning about the end of World War I. Increases in the cost of rail tickets cut into the profits of traveling companies; even the relatively inexpensive Lyceum Bureau offerings became too costly for small-town halls. The rise in automobile ownership made it possible for more and more people to travel to larger cities for their entertainment rather than making do with what the local venues had to offer. Under these circumstances, the Martha Ellen Auditorium increasingly showed motion pictures, and nothing else, ending its career as a venue for performing arts.</p><br>
<p>At some point prior to 1988, the name of the establishment was changed to "State Theatre". A marquee bearing that name was added to the building&#39;s facade, obscuring the original "Martha Ellen Auditorium" sign. The State Theatre was closed in 2013; the owners cited the cost of changing from film to digital projection equipment as the reason for the closing.</p><br>
<p>In 1988, the building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places, under the name "Martha Ellen Auditorium".</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The Martha Ellen Auditorium is located in the center of the Central City, Nebraska business district. The auditorium is a brick One-Part Commercial Block structure approximately 80 xx. The exterior of the building has minimal decorative brick trim and broad inset panels.</p><br>
<p>It has a flat roof and is divided into bays (three bays on the front and five bays on the side) by full height brick pilasters supporting a wall cornice with parapet wall above. Brick corbeling further characterizes the façades. The original windows on the second still exist but have been boarded up. The retail spaces on the lower level originally housed specialty stores including a barber shop. Alterations were made both to these storefronts and interiors since the auditorium was built. A marquee and sign were added when the building became the State Theater.</p><br>
<p>The original Martha Ellen Auditorium sign is still on the building but hidden by the State Theatre movie marquee. The auditorium is accessed through doors under the current movie margues. The lobby immediately inside the doors is approximately 13 ft in depth.</p><br>
<p>The lobby has been remodeled the original auditorium was built. The auditorium is entered from the lobby and it is approximately 51 xx. It has no windows. The sides of the proscenium walls, outside of the arch are curved. The original boxes there have been covered and the rails hidden behind the covering. The now hiddend stage-left box once functioned as a barber shop.</p><br>
<p>The horseshoe-shaped balcony is 9.5 ft deep on the sides and it extends all the way around the auditorium to the proscenium wall. The sides of the balcony have three rows of seats, while the middle-rear has six rows. A 13 ft deep projection booth is centered behind the middle-rear six rows of seats. Two sets of stairs along the walls of the auditorium lead to the balcony. Pillars are located around the edges of the balcony. Many of the original opera chairs remain in the balcony but on the lower floor, the original seats have been replaced by conventional movie seats. Aisles are carpeted and the pink-tinted peach colored plaster walls maintain their original color scheme.</p><br>
<p>The proscenium arch is 22 ft wide and approximately 14 ft high. The wings (17 ft long) contain movie speakers. The backstage area is entered through a door to the extreme stage right of proscenium wall. The stage is 15 ft deep from the curtain line to the back wall. The dressing rooms no longer exist, but they were under the stage. In all other respects, the structural and historical integrity of the building and auditorium have been preserved.</p><br>
<p>Grimes Mill was located at 600 N. Church St. in Salisbury, North Carolina. It was built in 1896 as a flour and feed mill. It stayed active until 1982. The Historic Salisbury Foundation bought it that year and later turned it into a museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and was the only roller mill museum in North Carolina. The site was destroyed by fire on January 16, 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mill was originally established as North Side Roller Mill. It was one of the first flour roller mills in the county. It was built in 1896 by a group of Salisbury businessmen to compete with the Salisbury Roller Mill. In the first year of operation, it was producing fifty barrels of flour in each 24-hour day. In 1898, the mill was sold to another company which then went bankrupt in 1906. John D. Grimes, a businessman from nearby Davidson County who established the first roller mill in North Carolina in Lexington in 1879, bought the mill after its bankruptcy for $4,000. By that time, the mill&#39;s original three floors had an additional expanded area of two floors.</p><br>
<p>The Grimes family continued ownership of the mill until 1963. During that time, the mill was expanded, the largest addition coming in 1912. That year, twelve large storage bins were added to the facility that had an aggregate capacity of 90,000 pounds of wheat. The most productive time for the mill was in the 1930s when it produced a peak of 100 barrels of flour per day.</p><br>
<p>The W. A. Davis Milling Company from High Point, North Carolina, took over control of the property in 1963 after John D. Grimes, grandson of the first Grimes owner, sold the property to Robert Davis. Davis added a retail store area to the building and the Davis Milling Company produced flour, grains and pigeon pellets. Near the end of the Davis ownership, only two employees rand the mill which only produced flour as a glue extender.</p><br>
<p>The Historic Salisbury Foundation, a historic preservation group in Rowan County, bought the plant for $60,000 in 1982. The next year, they opened the site up as a museum, only the second historic site owned by the foundation to be such.</p><br>
<h3>2013 fire</h3><br>
<p>On January 16, 2013, calls to 911 reporting a fire came in around 9:40 pm. It would eventually become a five-alarm fire, bringing in crews from several nearby fire stations.</p><br>
<p>After the fire, as a fundraiser to help finance the site cleanup, the Historic Salisbury Foundation started selling bricks from the mill. The only other roller mill still extant in Rowan County is the China Grove Roller Mill.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The roller mill was designed and built by the founders, D. R. Julian, A. C. Mauney, James C. McCanless and Napoleon B. McCanless. The original building was three stories tall and built in a Second Empire style, Victorian construction; one of the few Second Empire style buildings with industrial use in North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>The Torre de los Adalides  was a rectangular medieval look-out tower of Islamic design located in the vicinity of Algeciras, Spain. It was situated roughly 1 km from the coast on a hill some 100 m above sea level in the area which is now covered by the city&#39;s northern suburbs. The tower was demolished by the Spaniards during the Spanish–American War as they thought the Americans might use it as a base of their own.</p><br>
<p>The ruins of the tower are within military limits and cannot be approached without a formal permit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The tower was one of a series of watchtowers built during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries to monitor the Strait of Gibraltar and Algeciras Bay. Though, first mentioned in 1342,</p><br>
<p>In 1776, the tower was being used as a powder store, protected by a small guard. By 1832, it had fallen into disrepair and was no longer in use. It was finally destroyed by army engineers in July 1898 during the Spanish–American War as there were fears it might be used by the enemy as a landmark for bombarding a nearby battery or as a base for setting up a provisional battery of their own. Today, the tower&#39;s foundations are located in the courtyard of the barracks of the same name.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Little remains of the structure today, but plenty of historical data and photographs provide an insight into the structure and proportions. The tower had three floors, the first of them separated from the rest and that was accessed by a door at ground level. The second floor had a ladder attached to the wall outside. The third was reached by interior stairs. The building had a height of 14 m and was rectangular in shape, 4 by, with walls 1.5 m thick. The tower was surrounded by an octagonal mud wall, 80 inch thick and 3.5 - high.</p><br>
<p>Jamal Garhi is a small town located 13 kilometers from Mardan at Katlang-Mardan road in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in northern Pakistan. Jamal Garhi was a Buddhist monastery from the first until the fifth century AD at a time when Buddhism flourished in this part of the Indian subcontinent. There is a beautiful monastery and main stupa, surrounded by chapels closely packed together. The site is called ‘The Jamal Garhi Kandarat or Kafiro Kote’ by the locals.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>The ruins of Jamal Garhi were first discovered by the British explorer and archaeologist Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1848. The stupa at the site was opened by Colonel Lumsden but little of value was found at the time. In 1871, the site was excavated by Lieutenant Cromten, who unearthed a large number of Buddhist sculptures which are now part of the collections of the British Museum and the Indian Museum in Calcutta.</p><br>
<p>At the monastery a Kharoshti inscription was also discovered which is now kept in Peshawar Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Ruins</h2><br>
<h2>Sculptural remains</h2><br>
<p>Qumir Qucha  is a small artificial lake in Bolivia south east of Potosí. It is about 0.24 km long and 0.17 km at its widest point. The lake is part of the river basin of the upper Pillku Mayu.</p><br>
<p>Qumir Qucha is situated in the Anta Qawa mountain range, the southern part of the Potosí mountain range in the Potosí Department in the north of the José María Linares Province. It lies east of the mountain Q&#39;umir Qucha, north-west of Khunurana and north-east of the larger lake Santa Catalina.</p><br>
<p>Near Qumir Qucha in the east there is a slightly smaller lake named Muyu Qucha. Both lakes drain to Santa Catalina Lake, Qumir Qucha via Qumir Qucha River and Muyu Qucha via Muyu Qucha River. Santa Catalina Lake drains to Jukucha River. This river flows in a mainly south-eastern direction towards the village Tuktapari. Here the river is called Pila Mayu. About 10 km south-east of Tuktapari Pila Mayu empties into Witichi River, a left tributary of Tumusla River.</p><br>
<p>Municipal Museum of Algeciras  is a museum in Algeciras, Spain, located at the northern end of the Parque de las Acacias de Algeciras. It was established in 1995 and is run by the citys cultural department. It houses a large collection of archaeological items which were found in different parts of the city. With its two main divisions, archaeology and history, the museum documents three periods in the citys history: Roman-Byzantine Algeciras, the Andalusian city, and the modern era. A third division, religious art, is located in the Capilla del Cristo de la Alameda.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Municipal Museum of Algeciras is located in the old town, near the Parque de Las Acacias, on the corner of Ortega y Gasset and Goya. A colonial building known as the Casa de los Guardeses (literally The Caretakers&#39; House) which had served the Villa Smith, was renovated in 1995 to fit the needs of the museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The museum was a result of work carried out by the Comisión Pro-Museo Histórico-Arqueológico (Committee for the Historical and Archaeological Museum). The items found at construction sites around the city provided a basis for documenting local heritage. When the museum was established in 1981, the Committee&#39;s artefacts became part of its collection although it was some time before they could be displayed.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>The main museum building is a two-storied structure. The four rooms on the lower level display exhibits from the prehistoric period and the Middle Ages. There are information panels and replicas of finds. The three rooms upstairs contain exhibits relating to the history of Algeciras Bay between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries.</p><br>
<h2>Collections</h2><br>
<p>The archaeology collections are displayed in six rooms covering different periods: Prehistory, Antiquity, the Middle Ages (the Arab city), the Middle Ages (the Castilian city), Early Modern and Contemporary. Among the highlights are hand axes found in the vicinity of the Río Palmones and around the Almirante Tower, Roman amphorae found at Portus Albus and Iulia Traducta, tombstones from the Al-Yazirat Al-Hadra cemetery (discovered by the Marinid Walls of Algeciras), and artefacts related to the 1906 Algeciras Conference. The exhibits include a white marble sarcophagus, punic artefacts, and a collection of old coins and weapons. The ceramics displayed include a group of Islamic pieces submitted in 2002 by Antonio Torremocha Silva and Yolanda Oliva Cozar. A 2005 exhibit features artefacts from Callejon del Moro in San Roque, Cádiz found during excavations for a port facility. Artefacts found at the Paseo de las Palmeras are dated to the Byzantine era. The museum also commissioned a small-scale replica of a Spanish naval vessel, which sailed from the end of the thirteenth and throughout the fourteenth century. Measuring 65 by, it is made of balsa wood and is now on display.</p><br>
<p>The religious art collection is exhibited in a former chapel known as Capilla del Cristo de la Alameda in Calle San Bernardo, a few hundred metres to the north. It opened in 1999 following extensive restoration of the eighteenth century chapel which was being used as an automobile repair shop. Its four rooms house displays of liturgical artefacts such as the Corpus Christi processional monstrance. Religious paintings include Francisco de Zurbarán&#39;s portrait of Santo Domingo de Guzmán.</p><br>
<p>Appleby Hall was a Manor house or Stately Home built in the small hamlet of Appleby Parva, on the outskirts of Appleby Magna.</p><br>
<p>A Manor was mentioned in the Domesday Book and there have been several houses on the site until the final building, a Classical style Stately Home known as Appleby Hall, was built in the 1830s.</p><br>
<p>Like many landed families, the Moore family who owned it fell on hard times, and the Hall was demolished in the 1920s.</p><br>
<h2>The First Manors</h2><br>
<p>The Hamlet of Appleby Parva is originally thought to have been a Danish settlement.</p><br>
<p>Listed in the Domesday Book as Apleberie, after the Battle of Hastings the Manor was given to the Norman, Henry De Ferrers, with his son Robert de Ferrers, 1st Earl of Derby acting as Lord.</p><br>
<p>Nothing is known of the early Manor, or Manors on the site.</p><br>
<h2>The Moore family</h2><br>
<p>The Manor of Appleby Parva was purchased by the Moore Family at the very end of the 16th century and would remain in their possession until the start of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Over this time the family demolished the existing manor house and built and extended their new house to become Appleby Hall.</p><br>
<p>The direct line of the Moores as lords of the manor failed three times, and the family were not in constant occupation at the Hall.</p><br>
<p>The family came to own much of the land in the Parish of Appleby Magna, as well as Snarestone Lodge in a neighbouring village, Kentwell Hall in Suffolk and land in (and the Lordship of) Bentley, Warwickshire.</p><br>
<p>The most famous member of the family was Sir John Moore. As a second (and thus non-inheriting) son, he went to London to make his own fortune, becoming a merchant, an MP, and later Lord Mayor and Alderman of London. He contributed large sums to the erection of schools at Christ&#39;s Hospital, and founded a free grammar school in Appleby Magna, now called Sir John Moore Church of England Primary School. He died aged 81, on 2 June 1702, leaving his estates, worth £80,000 (£6,247,200 today), to his two nephews living in Appleby Parva.</p><br>
<p>In addition to building and developing the Hall, the Moore Family developed much of the surrounding land in the Hamlet.</p><br>
<p>Charles Moore had the existing manor house demolished in 1770.</p><br>
<p>George Moore sought to improve the poorly drained land around the land at the turn of the 19th Century.</p><br>
<p>His son George constructed Appleby Hall and created the landscaped Parkland that surrounded it.</p><br>
<p>The Moore family continued to hold considerable influence over Appleby Magna and Parva until the end of the 19th Century.</p><br>
<p>They had no formal titles, and were known locally as Squires. They became patrons for the village, funding the refurbishment of the church and the construction of the Almshouses in Appleby Magna.</p><br>
<p>A secondary line to that living at the Hall served as Rectors to the Parish for several generations.</p><br>
<p>By the 1880s the family&#39;s fortunes had sharply declined when the Agricultural slump causing revenues to fall considerably.</p><br>
<p>With no money, the Hall was eventually sold in 1919, followed by the last member of the family moving away to Devon.</p><br>
<h2>Development of the Hall</h2><br>
<p>In 1770, Charles Moore demolished the existing Manor house.</p><br>
<p>It is unclear if an entirely new house was constructed or an existing smaller house was modified, however a building existed on the site by 1796, known at the time as Town House, but which would eventually become known as Appleby House.</p><br>
<p>In 1813, George Moore inherited and sought to improve the poorly drained, waterlogged land of the hamlet, which was prone to flooding, especially in the winter months.</p><br>
<p>George was a pioneer in agricultural techniques and was described by John Nichols as "the first introducer of the improved system of watering grass-lands in this country", having previously won a gold medal, for under-draining land, from the Society of Arts in the year 1794.</p><br>
<p>Appleby Hall would be substantially remodelled and expanded to create Appleby Hall by George&#39;s son, another George Moore, between 1832 and 1838.</p><br>
<p>George retained the existing Appleby house as an attachment to the rear of the new classical style mansion he built.</p><br>
<p>George obliterated the late medieval settlement pattern; the surrounding properties were demolished and New Road was built to replace the earlier road that passed by the front of the house, thereby creating a private garden around the house, landscaped parkland, and a deer park.</p><br>
<p>New carriage ways were built, as were gatehouses (which, although altered and extended, still exist today).</p><br>
<p>At its height, the estate ran to over 4,500 acres and included land in many of the neighbouring villages.</p><br>
<h2>Decline</h2><br>
<p>By the 1880s the Moore family&#39;s fortunes had sharply declined when the Agricultural slump causing revenues to fall considerably.</p><br>
<p>George&#39;s son, George John Moore, initially tried to save the estate by searching for coal: The Appleby Magna Colliery Company was formed in the 1870s but failed to find any workable coal seams.</p><br>
<p>George John attempted to cut his expenses by demolishing several of the family&#39;s ancillary and dower homes, but was ultimately forced to put Appleby Hall and its estate up for sale: he then retired to Witchingham Hall in Norfolk.</p><br>
<p>The attempt to sell failed, however several farms were auctioned in 1888 and 1889.</p><br>
<p>George John returned to Appleby Hall in 1891 and, despite his financial situation, continued to live an extravagant lifestyle with numerous household staff.</p><br>
<p>With insufficient income, ends were met by the repeated sales of farms and land.</p><br>
<p>George John died in 1916 and his son Charles L G Moore inherited the Hall and estate (now less than 2400 acres).</p><br>
<p>George Johns will left his widow with money and most of the halls contents, as well as sizeable capital sums to his brothers and sisters, worsening still the estate&#39;s financial situation.</p><br>
<p>In 1918 the estate was no longer viable and Charles looked to sell.</p><br>
<p>In 1919 he forced an ultimatum on his tenant farmers: they would have to give him 10 shillings more rent per acre, or he would be forced to sell (a rise of between 32% and 50%).</p><br>
<p>The farmers initially agreed, but later reneged, thinking he was bluffing and doubting he would actually sell the estate the family had lived in for 300 years.</p><br>
<p>Charles had, however, already received an offer and the house was sold to property speculators.</p><br>
<p>The rest of the estate was auctioned on Thursday 20 November 1919 at the Royal Hotel, Ashby de la Zouch.</p><br>
<p>The estate was divided into 49 lots comprising a total of 2786 acres, and included 12 farms, 22 small holdings, 2 inns and about 50 cottages.</p><br>
<p>With the estate sold, Charles retired to Devon where he died in 1961.</p><br>
<p>The farms and small holdings were mainly sold to their tenants.</p><br>
<p>After being sold, Appleby Hall was stripped of its valuable materials (interiors and lead roof) and had been completely demolished by 1930.</p><br>
<h2>Appleby Hall Now</h2><br>
<p>Only the gatehouses and part of the stables building remain of the original house, however all have been substantially altered.</p><br>
<p>The New Road Gatehouse was originally a single story construction (see photo above). Initially it was extended upward to a second story but a two story extension was subsequently added to the side of the building. Further single story extensions to the rear make the building over 4 times larger than when originally built.</p><br>
<p>Only a small portion of the stables buildings remains: part has been converted into sheds and warehouses, whilst most of what remains are in ruins.</p><br>
<p>Much of the Hall&#39;s gardens have been incorporated into surrounding farmland.</p><br>
<p>Several small properties have also been built on the site.</p><br>
<p>The Torre del Fraile  is one of a set of military watchtowers built around the South and East coast of Spain to keep an eye on passing shipping and Barbary pirates. The watchtowers were in sight of one another and it was therefore possible to get a signal to Gibraltar from the watchtower in Tarifa. The tower was designed by Luis Bravo and Juan Pedro Laguna in 1588.</p><br>
<p>The tower is about 240 metres back from the sea and Cala Arenas and 120 metres above it. The tower is over six metres in diameter and was over thirteen metres high until the top collapsed in 2006 with the loss of a window and the upper staircase. The tower&#39;s entrance was over five metres in the air and this led onto a floor. From this the soldiers could climb to the top where space was reserved for firewood for signalling.</p><br>
<p>Ptari-tepui, also spelled Pu-tari and sometimes called Cerro Budare or Cerro del Budare, is a tepui in Bolívar state, Venezuela. it has a maximum elevation of around 2,400 m above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Ptari-tepui gives its name to the Ptari Massif, which also includes Carrao-tepui to the northeast and a long ridge known as Sororopán-tepui to the southeast. As a whole, the massif has a summit area of around 2.5 km&sup2; and an estimated slope area of 58 km&sup2; (Carrao and Ptari together contributing 28 km&sup2; and Sororopán, which is derived from a separate basement, a further 30 km&sup2;).</p><br>
<p>Ptari-tepui is a prime example of the classic tepui shape, having an almost perfectly flat-topped summit and near-vertical walls. This characteristic profile is said to recall the shape of a budare, a type of griddle used for making cassava bread, and is the source of its Pemón-derived name. For this reason it is also sometimes known as Cerro Budare or Cerro del Budare.</p><br>
<p>Fahan is an area on the Dingle Peninsula in County Kerry, Ireland, noted for a collection of clochán, or drystone beehive huts.</p><br>
<p>Fahan lies below Mount Eagle on the southern coast of the Dingle peninsula,</p><br>
<p>to the west of the fishing village of Ventry and to the east of the steep cliffs of Slea Head.</p><br>
<p>Fahan has many antiquities, including cave dwellings, stone beehive huts, stone monuments and forts.</p><br>
<h2>Dunbeg Fort</h2><br>
<p>Dunbeg Fort is located on a rocky promontory looking over Dingle Bay to the south. The cliffs have eroded since it was built, and much of the fort has been lost to the sea.</p><br>
<p>The fort&#39;s wall cut off access to the triangular promontory, which was later occupied by a single large "beehive" hut.</p><br>
<p>A visitor center at the site includes audiovisual displays, an information and craft room and a restaurant and café.</p><br>
<p>The date at which the Dunbeg fort was built is very uncertain, although its structure resembles other Western Stone Forts. It may have been built around the same time as Iron Age blockhouse forts in Scotland such as the Crosskirk Fort in Caithness and the Clickimin Fort, Ness of Burgi Fort and Huxter Fort in Shetland.</p><br>
<h2>Clochán</h2><br>
<p>The collection of beehive houses at Fahan is said to be the most remarkable in Ireland.</p><br>
<p>The date of the Fahan clochán is uncertain, since stone huts with this design have been built from Neolithic times to the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>Some of the earliest may have been built by hermit monks.</p><br>
<p>However, it is thought that most of the clochán in this grouping dates to the twelfth century,</p><br>
<p>when Norman invaders forced farmers from more prosperous areas to move to the marginal lands of the Dingle Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>George Victor Du Noyer described the settlement when he visited in 1858. In his view the nearby Dunbeg Fort had been built to protect the community.</p><br>
<p>However, the fort was built before 800 AD, and most likely during the Stone Age before the Christian Era.</p><br>
<p>Some of the stone huts in the Fahan group lay within stone ring forts.</p><br>
<p>The cashels and clochán formed two clusters, or "cities", of the Fahan group.</p><br>
<p>460 have been counted, of which 414 are clochán.</p><br>
<p>Most of them appear to be ancient, although some date to the middle of the nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>Their sizes range from 4 ft to 22 ft across, mostly round but sometime D-shaped or oval.</p><br>
<p>They would have had corbelled stone roofs, giving them the shape of beehives.</p><br>
<h2>Famine cottage</h2><br>
<p>The Kavanaugh Famine Cottage is one of Fahan&#39;s tourist attractions. Once it had two rooms and a loft.</p><br>
<p>The restored building has three rooms and two outhouses.</p><br>
<p>It contains a selection of furniture and artificts from the period of the Great Irish Famine.</p><br>
<p>The cottage is on the north side of the R559 road, just west of the car park for Dunbeg Fort.</p><br>
<p>Måsøya  is an island in Måsøy Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 13.45 km&sup2; island is located west of the large island of Magerøya and to the east of Hjelmsøya and Havøya. The Porsanger Peninsula on the mainland lies south of the island. The island is only accessible by boat, and there is regular ferry service from Havøysund. The population of the island  is about 40 people.</p><br>
<p>The only settlement on the island is the small fishing village of Måsøy. It is located on the southern part of the island on an isthmus between two small fjords. Historically, the village was the administrative centre of the municipality and it is where Måsøy Church is located. There is a herd of about 40 reindeer that live on the island.</p><br>
<p>The notable Norwegian minister and poet Magnus Brostrup Landstad was born here.</p><br>
<p>Culver Historic District is a national historic district located at Evansville, Indiana. The neighborhood is all residential, and unlike most of the rest of the city, the lots are not laid out on a grid. Most of the houses are on a lot previously part of the farm owned by Robert Parrett, a native of England who settled in Evansville and built a house near the intersection of Madison Avenue and Parrett Street. Eventually Robert Parrett would become the first Methodist minister in Evansville and helped found Trinity Methodist church, which he served until his death in 1860. His heirs divided up the plat in 1863.</p><br>
<p>The architectural style of the houses in the neighborhood include Queen Anne, Bungalow, Italianate, Prairie School, Tudor, Colonial Revival, and Four-square. The Rathbone Memorial Home is the focal point of the neighborhood. Completed in 1905, it was formed as a residential facility for poor elderly women and remains today as a nursing home for the elderly.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Jugtown Pottery was founded in 1921 by Jacques and Juliana Busbee, artists from Raleigh, North Carolina, who in 1917 discovered an orange pie dish and traced it back to Moore County. There, they found a local tradition of utilitarian pottery in orange, earthenware, and salt glazes. The Busbees saw an opportunity to help save a dying craft, and in 1918 they set up the village store in Greenwich Village, New York, in order to sell the pottery. Potters they worked with over the years included JH Owen, Charlie Teague, and Ben Owen.</p><br>
<p>Jacques died in 1947. In 1960, John Mare bought Jugtown Pottery and hired Vernon Owens as the Jugtown thrower. After the sudden deaths of Mare and Juliana in 1962, Owens leased the business and kept it going for six years, until it was sold to Country Roads, Inc., a nonprofit organization working toward the preservation of hand crafts.</p><br>
<p>Under the direction of Country Roads, Nancy Sweezy served as director and potter. Sweezy changed the earthenware glazes to fritted lead glazes, then developed a new line of high temperature glazes in order to make them lead-free. She also developed a completely different line of complex colors, including Blueridge Blue, Cinnamon, a different Tobacco Spit, Mustard and Dogwood White. Sweezy also set up an apprenticeship program that served over thirty pottery students from 1969 through 1980.</p><br>
<p>In 1983 Country Roads moved on to another project, and Vernon Owens bought Jugtown. He has run it with his wife Pam Owens since then. Pam and Vernon opened the Jugtown Museum in 1988. Jugtown Pottery was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Jugtown Pottery is located near the Pottery Road or North Carolina Highway 705, an area known for many potteries.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan Central Railroad Chelsea Depot is a railroad depot located at 150 Jackson Street in Chelsea, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1986 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. The depot is the only known Michigan example designed by the well known Detroit architectural firm of Mason and Rice.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land where the Chelsea Depot now sits was first settled in the 1830s by brothers Elisha and James Congdon. In 1848, the Congdons offered the Michigan Central Railroad a plot of land along the rail line on which to build a station. The railroad accepted, and the first structure built at the site was a freight station, completed in 1850. A series of freight stations followed, and the resulting freight business through the town spurred the growth of Chelsea in the mid-1800s. However, in 1875, the last of these depots - a rather shabby shed - was destroyed under suspicious circumstances, and the railroad was slow to bebuild it.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, the railroad decided to establish passenger service in Chelsea, and chose the site for an experiment in improving the appearance and design of their rural stations.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, a group of Chelsea citizens formed the Chelsea Depot Association and, with the financial assistance of local businesses, purchased the depot to prevent the deterioration of the structure. They began restoration efforts in 1986, and the depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The building has since been used as a rental space for community and private functions, and the Chelsea Depot Association continues to maintain it. In 2011, the exterior was repainted and new windows were installed.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Mason and Rices design for the Michigan Central Railroad Chelsea Depot is a Stick style Late Victorian design, with multiple gables and gingerbread decoration. It is a one-story rectangular frame structure measuring 100 ft by 35 ft, with widely overhanging eaves. A hip roof triple bay at each end delineates the two interior waiting rooms - one for women and one for men. Most of the structure is covered with horizontal clapboard, but the gable ends are covered with vertical board and batten. A brick patio surrounds the building. With the exception of some changes to the chimney structure and missing roof crests and finial, the depots exterior looks exactly like it did when constructed.</p><br>
<p>Great Overland Station, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Union Pacific Railroad Passenger Depot, is a museum and former railroad station in Topeka, Kansas. The station was built from 1925 to 27 and designed by Gilbert Stanley Underwood, whose firm designed over 20 Union Pacific Railroad stations from 1924 to 1931. The stations Free Classical Revival design uses terra cotta extensively and features a center pavilion with two increasingly smaller pavilions on either side. Passenger service to the station began in January 1927; almost 20,000 people attended the stations grand opening, and the new station was considered "one of the largest and finest stations west of the Missouri River".</p><br>
<p>Passenger totals at the station declined through the 1950s and 1960s, and the last regular passenger service to the station ended in 1971. The Union Pacific Railroad repurposed the station as office space and a customer service center before abandoning the building in 1989. In 1992, a fire damaged the western part of the station; the same year, the group Railroad Heritage, Inc. (then known as Topeka Railroad Days, Inc.) agreed to consider renovating the station. The station was extensively rehabilitated from 2000 to 2002 and is now a railroad heritage museum.</p><br>
<p>The Great Overland Station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 1, 2002.</p><br>
<p>Crater Rings are adjacent, symmetrical volcanic pit craters in the Western Snake River Plain about 8 miles northwest of Mountain Home, Idaho. They are one of few examples of volcanic craters in the continental United States. The craters are at the summit of a broad shield volcano. The eastern crater is about 3000 ft across and 350 ft deep. The western is 2500 ft across and 300 ft deep. The craters are probably former lava lakes similar to Halemaumau Crater of the Kīlauea volcano of Hawaii. The volcano is the youngest of the shield volcanoes near Mountain Home and is estimated to be less than 2 million years old.</p><br>
<p>Crater Rings are a National Natural Landmark designated in 1980. The site is owned by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area.</p><br>
<p>Lake Gaillard in North Branford, Connecticut began during the 1920s, when the New Haven Water Company  started buying land in North Branford from the area of Totoket Mountain to what is now known as Sea Hill Road, with the intention of building a reservoir. "The regional water authority currently owns 34.9%  of the land within North Branford, most of these holdings surrounds Lake Gaillard, the largest reservoir within the Regional Water Authority’s water supply."</p><br>
<p>In 1926 the construction of Lake Gaillard began. The building of Lake Gaillard took over 7 years and was finished in 1933. "Lake Gaillard had cut off any eastern access between the two ends of town and the road to North Guilford. The lake also covered 22 homes and farms. Many of the construction workers who came to build this massive project settled in town, further increasing the population."</p><br>
<p>The man-made lake is over 1.5 miles long by over a mile wide at its largest points. In comparison to the Town of North Branford the reservoir is massive, making up over 20% of the town land, all of which is private and not opened to the public residents. "Currently the lake provides water for more than 500,000 customers of the Regional Water Authority."</p><br>
<p>The purpose of the reservoir is to provide drinking water for much of the New Haven County. "Lake Gaillard reservoir in North Branford is part of the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority’s (RWA) system which stores water for future use to the towns of North Branford, Branford, East Haven, North Haven and part of New Haven. After this stored water is sent to its designated water treatment plant for processing, it is then distributed into the RWA’s public water line system."</p><br>
<p>The Ziade Palace  is a 19th-century grand mansion located in Beirut&#39;s Zokak el-Blat quarter.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mansion was commissioned in 1860 by an unknown individual and built by an Italian architect known solely as Altina. It was purchased ten years later by Youssef Nasr, a wealthy Lebanese expatriate in England.</p><br>
<p>In 1930 the palace was bought by the Ziade brothers; Joseph a physician and Louis an accomplished lawyer and president of the Aleppo bar association. The Ziades were related to the-then Maronite archbishop of Beirut Ignatius Ziade and to the renowned feminist poet, writer and essayist May Ziade</p><br>
<p>In addition to its singular architecture, the palace gained notoriety following an incident involving Joseph and May Ziade. May suffered severe depression and neurasthenia for years after the loss of both her parents and above all Khalil Gibran. She also had an unhappy love affair with the writer Abbas el-Akkad in 1936 which worsened her condition. In 1938, Joseph Ziade visited May in Egypt and convinced the disconsolate poet to return to Beirut and to reside in the family mansion close to friends and family.</p><br>
<p>May returned to Beirut in 1939; days after her arrival to the Ziade palace, May was committed to the &#39;Asfourieh asylum in Hazmiyeh against her own will. Joseph tried to gain control on her estate because she was thought to be unable of managing her own properties. May eventually recovered her lucidity and returned to Cairo where she died on October 17, 1941.</p><br>
<p>The house was occupied by the Ziades until the beginning of the Lebanese civil war in 1975. The mansion was pillaged and occupied by militias during the conflict and it was left with a bullet-peppered facade and a poor condition.</p><br>
<p>The structure was classified as a historic monument by the Lebanese Directorate General of Antiquities and is awaiting funds for appropriation or restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The sandstone mansion comprises three stories_ a ground floor and two levels. The mansion takes the form of a typical Lebanese central hall house with a facade lined with the iconic three arches and numerous Oeil-de-boeufs that are typical to 19th century Lebanese aristocratic houses. The mansion is also characterized by a riwaq on its eastern facade, it is a decorated covered area in a gallery, with broken arches opening onto a garden. The roof is made up of red tiles and is decorated with twin towers on the structure&#39;s northern facade. In 2010, the Ziade mansion along with other 19th century palaces were further protected by a ministerial decree by then culture minister Salim Wardeh.</p><br>
<p>The George W. Palmer House  is a historic house located at 138 East Middle Street in Chelsea, Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was constructed in about 1885 for physician George W. Palmer. In 1905, Daniel Charles McLaren, a prominent local businessman and village president, bought the house.</p><br>
<p>In 1936, a small private hospital, known as Chelsea Private Hospital, moved into the building. The hospital, operated by Nettie Notten, had opened in 1926 in another location, and served patients of doctors Malcolm Sibbald and Joseph Fisher. The hospital moved into the Palmer house when the original location was wanted for a post office. Nettie and her husband Ehlert, a daiy farmer, lived on the ground floor, while the rooms on the upper floor served as a hospital. However, Malcolm Sibbald soon retired, and in 1942, Joseph Fisher went off to serve in World War II, and the hospital closed down.</p><br>
<p>The house then served as a rooming house for women working in local defense industries. It then operated for years as an apartment house with a first-floor chiropractic clinic. It was purchased in 1991 by John L. and Jacquelyn Frank, who restored the structure as a single-family home.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 29, 1996.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased on July 18, 2014, by Mark VanDeWege and Staci Gatica.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The George W. Palmer House is an exceptional example of a brick Queen Anne single-family home. It is a two-story brick-clad structure sitting on a fieldstone foundation. The floorplan is fundamentally L-shaped, with the addition of a side bay and rear projection. The brickwork contains areas of offset and soldiered bricks, as well as stone window detailing and quoins, making interesting variation in color and texture. The house is topped with a hip roof with cross gables and a large gabled hood over the front facade, balanced with a smaller gabled dormer over the entrance. The gables are wooden, and finished with shingle- or stick-work; the roof is clad with lozenge-shaped asphalt shingles. Small shed-roofed porches at the front, side, and rear cover the entrances.</p><br>
<p>Havøya  is an island in Måsøy Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The island lies just off the coast of the Porsanger Peninsula with the island of Hjelmsøya to the north, Måsøya to the east, and Rolvsøya to the west. The only village on the island is Havøysund on the southern part of the island. Havøysund is the administrative centre of Måsøy, and the main population centre of the municipality. The island is connected to the mainland by the Havøysund Bridge along Norwegian County Road 889.</p><br>
<p>Norsk Hydro has built a windmill park on the northwestern part of the island, which has become a landmark for people at sea. The 15 windmills take 30 minutes by foot to reach from the town and are located on Havøygavlen, the highest point on the island. The Arctic view cafe and viewing area is located on the northwestern end of the island, near the windmill park, and it provides an undisturbed view towards the Barents Sea and to the surrounding arctic archipelago of Måsøya, Hjelmsøya, Ingøya, and Rolvsøya.</p><br>
<p>Pico dos Marins is a mountain peak in Brazil, between the cities of Piquete and Cruzeiro, state of São Paulo. The peak stands only about 1 km south of the Minas Gerais state border, but it is located entirely in São Paulo territory. It is part of a short spur of the southwestern section of the Mantiqueira Mountains, and it has an elevation of 2,420.7 m.</p><br>
<h2>False state highest point</h2><br>
<p>For many years, Pico dos Marins was incorrectly considered to be the highest point in the state of São Paulo. This information could be found in many official publications and schoolbooks. Later it was found that several peaks of the more easterly Serra Fina sub-range of the Mantiqueira Mountains were much higher. Serra Finas highest summit, Pedra da Mina, on the Minas Gerais border, is now acknowledged to be the states true highest point, at 2,798 m. Pico dos Três Estados ("Three-State Peak"), at the border tripoint of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states, is also much higher at 2,665 m.</p><br>
<p>Pico dos Marins is still often erroneously mentioned as being the highest mountain entirely within the state of São Paulo (i.e., not shared with Minas Gerais or Rio de Janeiro), but at least two Serra Fina mountains are both higher and located wholly within São Paulo: Pico da Cabeça de Touro, southwest of Pico dos Três Estados and the probable true holder of the title, at exactly 2,600 m, and Morro do Tartarugão, just southwest of Pedra da Mina, at 2,595 m. The Serra Fina range is still poorly surveyed, and other higher peaks may yet be found.</p><br>
<p>Still, Pico dos Marins is the highest point of its section of the range and an important landmark, as its detachment from the main Mantiqueira ridge crest allows it to be easily seen and recognized from a vast extension of the densely populated and highly industrialized Paraíba do Sul river valley to its south.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was first climbed in 1911.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The main assembly of the Marins Massif consists of three sharp rocky peaks, all over 2,000 meters above sea level and consisting of hundreds of meters of rocky cliffs. In spite of being the highest of the three, Pico dos Marins is the most accessible to climbers, thanks to its less vertical north face. Deep valleys cut by canyons and tight vegetation cause its neighbors to be much more difficult to climb. North to south, the peaks are named Marins, Maria and Mariana.</p><br>
<p>The Central Library is the headquarters for the Milwaukee Public Library System as well as for the Milwaukee County Federated Library System. Designated a Milwaukee Landmark in 1969, the building remains one of Milwaukee&#39;s most monumental public structures.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Central Library occupies almost the entire building with 3 exceptions: the headquarters for the Milwaukee County Federated Library System; the Wisconsin Talking Book and Braille Library; and Volunteer Services for the Visually Handicapped.</p><br>
<h2>Central Library architecture</h2><br>
<p>A national competition was held to pick a design for a building to house both the public library and the public museum. Seventy-four entries were received, including one from Frank Lloyd Wright. The winning design submitted by Ferry & Clas of Milwaukee was for a building one block long and designed in a combination of French and Italian renaissance styles known as Neo-renaissance. The building was designed in a U-shape to provide a common entrance for the library and museum but to keep the facilities separate. Construction costs for the monumental building, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places, were $780,000.</p><br>
<p>In the entrance to the library, mosaic tile floors were hand-laid by master Italian craftsmen who had settled in Milwaukee. Tessera, the small squarish pieces of colored marble or tile, were used in the entrance and in the Art, Music and Recreation Department. The tessera in the entrance floor are smaller than normal, allowing for a more detailed design. The age of the building has buckled, settled, cracked and damaged the floor and columns. In 2008, a restoration of the mosaic tile floors was begun.</p><br>
<p>Some of the materials used in the interior are yellow Sienna marble, brass and stained glass (lighting fixtures), hardwoods such as oak and mahogany, and scagliola (used for the pillars). The trim on top of the wainscoting in the corridor is called “egg and dart”, and is replicated in renovated areas throughout the library. The bay leaf garland design found above the doors in the corridor is actually made of painted plaster, not carved wood.</p><br>
<h3>Green Roof Project</h3><br>
<p>In 2009, the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District approved additional funding for the Milwaukee Public Library to construct a green roof. The new green roof replaces the roof built in 1986. The green roof uses a watertight membrane, protective layer, insulation, a filter layer, soil and vegetation to create a roof system. In addition, photovoltaic cells have been installed to convert solar energy into direct current electricity. The green roof is expected to reduce polluted stormwater runoff, urban heat islands and improve air quality. In the long term, Milwaukee is expected to benefit from reduced costs for water treatment systems and infrastructure. Public tours of the green roof are available on a seasonal basis.</p><br>
<h3>The Old Board Room and Corridor</h3><br>
<p>The Old Board Room is adjacent to the former office of the city librarian, which had a prime location on the Wisconsin Avenue side of the building. The Old Board Room appears much as it did when the building opened in 1898, with the exception of the ceiling lighting fixture, which was installed at a later date. The furniture is hand-carved of maple. The local firm of Ferry & Clas not only designed the building, but produced plans for all the furniture and equipment that went into the it. The room was the site of J. Edgar Hoover&#39;s office in the TV movie Dillinger.</p><br>
<h3>Art, Music and Recreation Department</h3><br>
<p>The renovation of the Art, Music and Recreation Department was completed in October 1999. At the entrance to the department is a mosaic floor titled “Unswept Room” by the artist Steven Ferren. The corridor leading to the room includes gallery space.</p><br>
<h3>Children's Room</h3><br>
<p>The Betty Brinn Childrens Room was named at the request of an anonymous donor in memory of Elizabeth A. Brinn, a Milwaukee businesswoman and entrepreneur. The room was dedicated on June 8, 1998 (after moving from the second floor into space previously used by Discovery World Museum). The floor of navy blue German linoleum was designed by Lois Ehlert. Thirty-one different animal shapes in a variety of colors greet visitors and reappear throughout the room to highlight other areas of interest. The navy blue of the window seat cushions match the floor and are trimmed in the colors of the animals. The Hans Christian Andersen window was designed by Marie Herndl and was completed in 1896. The window hung in the original childrens library at Central and was restored by Conrad Schmidt Studios for the new children’s room.</p><br>
<h2>Collections</h2><br>
<h3>Art, Music and Recreation</h3><br>
<p>The Art, Music and Recreation Department contains all of the reference books in the subjects of fine arts, such as painting and sculpture, architecture, art objects and antiques, movies, theater, television, photography, music, sports, recreation, costume, general bibliographies, folklore and UFOs. The department has a collection of popular sheet music reaching back to the start of the 20th century as well as indices to song books in the library’s collection. A few song sheets go back as far as the 1850s, well before the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The Art, Music and Recreation Department subscribes to catalogs for the auctions held by two major auction houses, Sothebys in London and Christies in New York. A collection of identification and price guides on all types of collectibles, such as toys, porcelain, coins, comics, furniture, dolls, glass and others, is available in a separate reference area for patrons to browse through and study. Some other resources in this department are the poster collection, and the Wisconsin Architectural Archives.</p><br>
<h3>Children’s</h3><br>
<p>The Central Library Childrens room houses the librarys collection of popular childrens books, as well as the childrens popular literature collection, which are samples of books from 1850 to 1950. The room also has listening stations, the McBeath theater for programs, films, stories and puppet shows and the Herzfeld Activity Center for presentations, computer training, library instruction, arts and crafts, and other library programs. There are 30 computers in the room equipped with programs to support reading, creative writing, math, science, geography and other academic assignments.</p><br>
<h3>Humanities</h3><br>
<p>Librarians at the Humanities Desk provide patrons with reference assistance in the areas of religion, philosophy, psychology, education, law, the military and government, language and literature, travel, history, biography, genealogy and the social sciences. Staff and volunteers all work to acquire, process, organize, retrieve, copy and preserve materials in these subject areas. Some features of the collection are: Local History Collection, Genealogy Collection, the Great Lakes Marine Collection, and Historical Photographs. In addition, the Humanities department provides initial reference service to researchers interested in archival collections, such as the City of Milwaukee Archives, the Milwaukee Road Archives, and the Local History Manuscript Collections.</p><br>
<h3>Periodicals</h3><br>
<p>This department contains indices published in both paper and online format such as Reader&#39;s Guide to Periodical Literature, the Education Index, and EBSCO. This department also has information to aid with finding consumer information, vehicle valuation, stock prices, tax forms, lottery results and directories of publications.</p><br>
<p>The Milwaukee Public Library is a regional depository library for publications of the federal government. Each year the library is sent thousands of documents at no charge for the purpose of making them available to the public.</p><br>
<h3>Richard E. and Lucile Krug Rare Books Room</h3><br>
<p>This area consists of two spaces &mdash; a reception/program area and an environmentally controlled stack area. The room is named after long time (1941–1975) city librarian Richard Krug, who established the first rare books room in the late 1950s and whose widow, Lucile, generously donated toward the construction and furnishing of this room, which was dedicated in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Access to the stacks is restricted to staff. Examples of the collection include:</p><br>
<p>A complete set of John James Audubon&#39;s Birds of America</p><br>
<p>The library’s oldest printed book, Johannes Nider’s “Praeceptorium Divinae Legis” of 1479, deals with the Ten Commandments. It is bound in wood and has 15th-16th century student notes written in some of the margins.</p><br>
<p>Other incunabula, the "Hypnerotomachia Poliphili" or Strife of Love in a Dream, printed in Venice by the famous Aldine Press in 1499, considered to be the most beautiful book of the Renaissance.</p><br>
<p>The 60 pound Autograph Book, containing 2,283 autographs and appended sayings or drawings of leading politicians, artists, musicians and intellectuals from c. 1898 America.</p><br>
<p>“Voices of Friends”—a 1913 hand illuminated and lettered manuscript by Milwaukee artist Susan Frackelton and her daughter, commissioned by Elizabeth Plankinton in honor of her father, prominent 19th century businessman, John Plankinton. It took three years for her to complete.</p><br>
<p>Autographed letters from Dickens, Beethoven, Liszt, Bismarck, Solomon Juneau, Billy Mitchell.</p><br>
<p>19th century and earlier colorplate books on ornithology, botany, Native Americans, fashion.</p><br>
<p>Examples of artists’ books, foredge paintings, private presses such as Kelmscott, Doves, and Ashendene—which produced beautiful hand made books around 1900.</p><br>
<p>The second exemplar (painted ca. 1851) of the three versions of Carl Spitzweg&#39;s most famous work “The Bookworm”, occupies a special place of honor in this climate-controlled room, only having any light shone on it when there is a Rare Books Room program taking place in order to further preserve it. The donor, Rene Von Schleinitz, gave his collection of German Romantic paintings to the Milwaukee Art Museum, but reserved this one especially for the Milwaukee Public Library.</p><br>
<h3>Business and Technology</h3><br>
<p>The Business and Technology department houses information on science, health and medicine, technology, business information, patents, trademarks, statistics, census materials, industry standards, and military specifications.</p><br>
<p>Milwaukee Public Library is a patent depository library and houses USA patents from 1792 up to the present. There are also resources to conduct patent searches in various formats: print, microfilm cassette, CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs.</p><br>
<p>The Forest of la Coubre  is a large forest in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, near the city of Royan. Its area is roughly 7916 hectares, making it the third largest forêt domaniale  of the north of the region, behind forest of la Double and the forest d&#39;Horte.</p><br>
<p>Around its remaining perimeter, it contains or is adjacent to numerous communes including La Tremblade, Les Mathes, Arvert, Étaules, Saint-Augustin and Saint-Palais-sur-Mer. It borders the atlantic ocean, the Gironde estuary and the forest of the Combots d&#39;Ansoine. The forest of la Coubre is composed mostly of maritime pine. This pine plantation was started in the 19th century by Médéric de Vasselot de Régné in the Pointe de la Coubre area, to halt erosion.</p><br>
<p>The EuroVelo bicycle route (Atlantic Coast route) cross the forest.</p><br>
<p>The Central Library of the Brooklyn Public Library, located at Flatbush Avenue and Eastern Parkway on Grand Army Plaza in Brooklyn, New York City, contains over a million cataloged books, magazines, and multimedia materials. Each year, over one million people visit the library.</p><br>
<h2>Facility</h2><br>
<p>The facility, landmarked in 1997, boasts the state-of-the art S. Stevan Dweck Center for Contemporary Culture, a 189-seat auditorium that opened in 2007 and hosts lectures, readings, musical performances, and other events for people of all ages. The library&#39;s plaza, renovated during the construction of the Dweck Center, hosts concerts throughout the summer and has become a favorite outdoor destination for free wireless internet access.</p><br>
<p>The Shelby White and Leon Levy Information Commons opened in January, 2013. The space offers an integrated venue for individual work, public classes, private events, and meetings.</p><br>
<p>The Central Library&#39;s local history division, The Brooklyn Collection, holds over a million individual items including photographs, maps, manuscripts, Brooklyn Dodgers memorabilia and other ephemeral items.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ground was broken for a Brooklyn central library on Prospect Park Plaza (Grand Army Plaza) in 1912. The design of the original architect Raymond Almirall called for a domed, four-story Beaux Arts building, similar in style to the nearby Brooklyn Museum. Escalating costs and political in-fighting helped slow construction throughout the decade. World War I and the Great Depression ensured that Almirall&#39;s building, whose Flatbush Avenue wing had been completed by 1929, would never be built.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, the architects Githens and Keally were commissioned to redesign the building, eliminating all the expensive ornamentation and the entire fourth floor. After much public and critical praise for the comparatively inexpensive Art Deco structure, construction recommenced in 1938. Almiralls building on Flatbush Avenue was largely demolished except for the frame. (Some of the original facade that faces in toward the librarys parking lot is still visible.) Completed by late 1940, the Central Library opened to the public on February 1, 1941. It is regarded today as one of America&#39;s greatest Art Deco buildings.</p><br>
<p>The second floor of the Central Library opened in 1955, nearly doubling the amount of space available to the public. Occupying over 350,000 ft&sup2; and employing 300 full-time staff members, the building serves as the administrative headquarters for the Brooklyn Public Library system. Prior to 1941 the Library&#39;s administrative offices were located in the Williamsburgh Savings Bank on Flatbush Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The Central Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Saint-André is a medieval fortress in the commune of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon in the Gard département of France, dating from the first half of the 14th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The treaty of Meaux-Paris, signed in 1229 at the end of the Albigensian Crusade, handed the French crown land to the west of the Rhone from Pont-Saint-Esprit to the Mediterranean and a joint interest in the city of Avignon. In 1290 the French king, Philip IV (Philippe-le-Bel or Philip the Fair), ceded his claim to Avignon to his father&#39;s cousin, Charles II of Naples who was the Count of Provence through his marriage to Beatrice of Provence.</p><br>
<p>The Benedictine Abbey of Saint-André occupied a strategic position on Mount Andaon within sight of the town of Avignon which lay on the other side of the Rhone. Mount Andaon is a rocky outcrop with steep sides to the north and the east that rises 50 m above the floodplain of the Rhone. Prior to the 1770s the river flowed next to the base of the eastern side of the mount. The plateau at the top covers an area of around 3.5 hectare and extends for 220 m in an east-west direction and 160 m north-south. The top is not flat but rises from south to north by 24 m. The abbey was built at the eastern end of the plateau; the western end was occupied by a small village.</p><br>
<p>The abbey had been founded at the end of the 10th century and possessed extensive property with over 200 churches spread over a wide area of southern France. In 1290 Philip IV instructed Adam de Montcéliard, the sénéchal of Beaucaire, to negotiate an agreement with the abbey to cooperate in the defense of the right bank of the Rhone. The paréage treaty signed in 1292 specified that Philippe le Bel could build a fortress with a permanent garrison next to the abbey and a castle by the river. The abbey surrendered temporal power but obtained protection from the unwanted pressure from the city of Avignon which wished to control both banks of the Rhone. By 1302 fortifications, including an initial Tour Philippe-le-Bel, had been built at the western end of the Pont Saint-Bénézet which lay less than kilometer from the abbey. In 1309, Pope Clement V moved the papacy from Rome to Avignon.</p><br>
<p>The fortress of Saint-André, with the curtain wall that surrounded the abbey, was built in several stages during the first half of the 14th century. The surviving manuscripts do not allow the construction to be precisely dated. A châtelain is mentioned in documents dating from 1314 and 1344, a guard is mentioned in 1318. The carved crest placed by the abbey above the entrance is dated 20 July 1367. This was probably when modifications were made to the entrance arch. The fortress was continually occupied by officers of the crown up to the time of French revolution.</p><br>
<p>The fortress was clearly visible from Papal State across the Rhone in the town of Avignon and was intended to demonstrate the power of the Kingdom of France.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The Fort Saint-André is included as a monument historique by decrees of the 25 April 1903 and 14 November 1925. The site is regularly open to the public for a fee, though it receives a fraction of the visitors at the nearby Palais des Papes.</p><br>
<p>Fort Saint-André.JPGView of the fortress from the southeast</p><br>
<p>Villeneuve-lès-Avignon by JM Rosier.JPGView of the fortress from Avignon</p><br>
<p>Yapunyah Waterhole lies in the Mulga Lands bioregion of western Queensland. The waterhole is about two kilometres long and covers approximately 22 hectares when full.</p><br>
<p>It is defined as a permanent waterhole in a region where permanent waterholes are extremely rare and therefore provide important refuges for aquatic plants and animals. These rare waterholes were also vital for Aboriginal people and provided both spiritual and physical nourishment.</p><br>
<p>The waterhole is on a cattle-grazing property where efforts are being made to preserve the biodiversity and associated cultural heritage. The property owners are working with the local natural resource management group, Desert Channels Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The Yapunyah Waterhole is a permanent waterhole in the Cooper Creek catchment and the Lake Eyre Basin. It lies in the Grey Range between Adavale and Yaraka in South West Queensland. The waterhole is fed by Nutting Creek, which starts at an elevation of 347 metres and drops around 85.5 metres over its 72 kilometre length before merging with Powell Creek. Powell Creek in turn flows through Hell Hole Gorge National Park to the south-west and eventually into the Barcoo River. The waterhole is surrounded by mulga Acacia aneura woodland. Rainfall averages 390 millimetres per year and is exceeded by evaporation of three to four metres per year.</p><br>
<h2>A permanent waterhole in a semi-arid landscape</h2><br>
<p>Permanent waterholes are extremely rare in the arid and semi-arid landscapes of the Lake Eyre Basin. These rare, often isolated waterholes are of vital importance as biological refugia and underpin the health and vitality of the aquatic animals. Permanent waterholes have been defined as those that have not gone dry since European settlement and are generally about four metres deep when they cease to flow. They mostly occur on main rivers and creeks where they receive regular inundation. Rivers in the Lake Eyre Basin exist mostly as a series of ephemeral, semi-permanent and permanent waterholes and flow only seasonally in response to summer monsoonal rainfall in the upper catchments.</p><br>
<p>Aquatic organisms which lack desiccation-resistant life-stages (i.e. cannot survive ‘drying out’), are reliant on refuges during drought, as are wetland-dependent organisms which do not readily disperse, or which cannot move long distances between isolated habitats. Such animals include all fish, some macroinvertebrates, the Cooper Creek Turtle Emydura macquarii emmotti and water rat Hydromys chrysogaster.</p><br>
<p>These waterholes also provide vital habitat for land mammals, reptiles, frogs and woodland birds that need to live near permanent water and/or that favour trees with hollows.</p><br>
<p>Permanent waterholes also tend to have consistently higher species diversity than ephemeral and semi-permanent waterholes and provide consistency and stability in a highly variable system. The reduction of rivers to a handful of waterholes during drought highlights both the importance and vulnerability of these refuges.</p><br>
<p>The main factors leading to the permanent nature of Yapunyah Waterhole include:</p><br>
<p>The rocky substrate (bottom) which holds water</p><br>
<p>The steep nature of the surrounding landscape which causes scouring during high rainfall events and increases the depth. The steep (and rocky) landscape also protects it from drying winds</p><br>
<p>Local run-off from the adjacent hard country, tops up the waterhole during smaller rainfall events in the dry season; and</p><br>
<p>The water is not used for domestic purposes because of its remote and inaccessible location.</p><br>
<h2>Habitats</h2><br>
<p>Rockholes, ledges, overhangs and riparian zones at the waterhole provide a range of habitats for native flora and fauna, including the vulnerable yellow-footed rock wallaby and the endemic Cooper Creek Turtle. The Yapunyah waterhole is a healthy aquatic system with no evidence of introduced fish species, cane toads, weeds or feral mammals (such as pigs and goats). It has abundant wildlife and a unique environment that provides a refuge for native species to survive the dry times.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<h3>Cooper Creek Turtle</h3><br>
<p>The Cooper Creek Turtle Emydura macquarii emmottii is found only in the Lake Eyre Basin. It is a short-necked turtle and one of the largest species of side-necked turtle in Australia; weighing up to eight kilograms and growing over 40 centimetres in length.</p><br>
<p>Permanent waterholes are dominated by adult turtles in high densities; semi-permanent waterholes are dominated by juveniles and ephemeral waterholes contain no turtle populations. Adult turtles are regularly seen swimming and surfacing at the Yapunyah Waterhole.</p><br>
<h3>Yellow-footed rock wallaby</h3><br>
<p>The yellow-footed rock wallaby Petrogale xanthopus is recognized as a distinct sub-species in Queensland (Petrogale xanthopus celeris), The rocky ledges and overhangs of Yapunyah Waterhole provide habitat for yellow-footed rock wallabies and they are often observed drinking there. The yellow-footed rock wallaby is listed as vulnerable under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).</p><br>
<h3>Fish</h3><br>
<p>Fish species identified in the nearby Nutting Creek include: Spangled perch (Leiopotherapon unicolour), Bony bream (Nematalosa erebi) and Desert rainbow fish (Melanotaenia splendida tatei). Other aquatic species include: Freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium australiense) and Blue Claw (Cherax destructor).</p><br>
<h2>Cultural heritage</h2><br>
<p>Permanent and semi-permanent waterholes in the arid zone were vital places for Aboriginal people over thousands of years. River and creek courses provided natural routes or corridors for people to travel through the area and reliable waterholes acted as vital nodes along these routes. Unsurprisingly, given their immense value, waterholes were also rich in mythology and regarded as places of spiritual as well as physical nourishment. Evidence suggests that the Yapunyah Waterhole was an important place for Aboriginal people. It is likely that this location would have been beneficial for food, bush medicines, water and raw materials for stone tools. With Indigenous involvement, the current property owners are ensuring preservation and protection of this significant waterhole now and into the future.</p><br>
<h2>Pastoral settlement history</h2><br>
<p>The Yapunyah Waterhole is one of numerous permanent waterholes on “Bulloo Lakes” station; a cattle grazing property south-west of Blackall. The first record of European settlement of the area now known as “Bulloo Lakes” station (originally called “Kenilworth”) shows a lease taken up on 1 July 1864 by J Mollison, Black and Smith. In 1866 it was transferred to William Sloane and in 1867 to John Earles. In 1886 “Kenilworth” was consolidated with other blocks and named “Kilcumin”.</p><br>
<p>“Bulloo Lakes” on the eastern side of the Bulloo River was a block taken off “Milo” and drawn by a Mr Andy Madden (prior to the 1930s (precise date unknown)) and there’s a record stating that the Madden’s lived in a log cabin with a dirt floor. Harry Richardson bought “Bulloo Lakes” from Andy Madden in Ann De Hennin’s name with 800 head of cattle (date unknown). (The Lands Department would not allow Mr Richardson to hold the property as only a certain area could be leased by one person). During the 1930s it was bought by Harry Richardson and taken over by Jim Richardson. The property has changed hands two more times before being purchased by the current owners in the mid 2000s.</p><br>
<h2>Management and protection</h2><br>
<p>Increasing vegetation coverage and excluding livestock from creek corridors stabilises the environment and significantly contributes to protecting the wetlands of this region. This was achieved at Yapunyah Waterhole by erecting thirteen kilometres of fencing in 2008, 20 kilometres of fencing in 2011 and then a further 25 kilometres of fencing in 2012 to complete a stock proof enclosure around the waterhole. They’ve also put other vital measures in place such as relocating watering points to better manage grazing and its impacts.</p><br>
<p>The fencing in 2008 also enabled the protection of a section of Nutting Creek and protected 243 hectares of riparian vegetation and 4,615 hectares in total. The fencing in 2011 further protected Yapunyah Waterhole and also helped protect Kokanah Waterhole on Powell Creek. With all three fences in place, the land managers can totally exclude stock from the Yapunyah and Kokanah Waterholes and adjacent areas of the Nutting and Powell Creeks; an area of 6,477 hectares in total.</p><br>
<p>To ensure continued protection and as part of their property management plan, the land owners also exclude stock from the fenced area (other than for fire risk management); maintain the new fencing; monitor watering points; complete an annual monitoring of waterhole and creek areas; record sightings of wallaby species and maintain fire and pest risk management plans. Desert Channels Queensland (the local natural resource management group)</p><br>
<p>While there is no public access to Yapunyah Waterhole, the owner’s of "Bulloo Lakes" Station are keen for other landholders and locals in the area to “discover evidence of, and develop respect for the cultural and natural heritage of the area”. They have conducted a study trip at the waterhole for interested parties and shared the outcomes of this best practice wetland management. The landholders would like to hear from people who are genuinely interested in helping to protect this relatively undisturbed and unique area.</p><br>
<h2>Knowledge gaps</h2><br>
<p>The Yapunyah waterhole’s remote and inaccessible location has limited the gathering of survey data and other information on the ecology of the area. Full surveys of flora, fauna and wetland habitats have not yet been fully documented. In a fact sheet developed by the Environmental Protection Agency, it says this wetland type is relatively well known in south-western Queensland in terms of ecology and species diversity; the fact sheet also contains a full list of commonly found flora and fauna (including birds).</p><br>
<p>Eye of the Needle was a sandstone natural arch located along the Missouri River near Fort Benton, Montana. At some point around 1997, it experienced considerable damage, though the cause of that damage is unclear.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Eye of the Needle was an 11 ft-high naturally occurring geographic formation shaped much like an inverted "V". It was located along a section of the Upper Missouri National Wild and Scenic River approximately 56 mi downstream from Fort Benton. The arch was described by Meriwether Lewis in his journal, during the 1805 expedition up the Missouri River.</p><br>
<p>The arch was discovered in a state of destruction on May 27, 1997, by an outfitter during a guided river trip. The top 4 ft of the arch had fallen, leaving two pillars. Six other columns near the arch on the south side of the river were also toppled. Early reports suggested that vandals had destroyed the arch. The Justice Department launched an examination of the area and investigators concluded that vandals had used a long tool to gain leverage and topple the arch. Later reports blamed drunken teenagers for the vandalism and a reward of $20,000 was offered for information about the incident. The event received widespread attention and became an educational opportunity for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to raise awareness about the vandalism of public resources.</p><br>
<p>Public outcry led officials to debate the benefits of rebuilding the arch. After some consideration, the BLM decided a replica of the formation would be built near the Fort Benton levee, with the remnants of the arch left intact along the river.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, writer Rick Graetz suggested that the arch was not destroyed by vandalism, but rather through the normal process of erosion and weathering. Other experts agree with Graetz. They have cited the lack of human debris found by the Justice Department&#39;s investigation, the difficulty in reaching the arch (either by ascending steep cliffs or taking a long hike), and the lack of any arrests in the case despite the large reward offered.</p><br>
<p>The Basilica of the Immaculate Conception is a Minor Basilica located in Natchitoches, Louisiana, United States. It is also a parish church in the Diocese of Alexandria. The church building is the seventh structure to house the parish and was at one time the cathedral for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Natchitoches. As the Church of the Immaculate Conception it was listed as contributing property in the Natchitoches Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The parish was founded in 1728. The first church was built within the walls of Fort St. Jean Baptiste sometime between 1729 and 1733. A second church, called St. John the Baptist, was built by 1738. It was located between the second fort and what is now known as the American Cemetery. A third church, built of stone, was constructed at the same location in 1771. The fourth church was built fourteen years later. Because the town had moved further north it was located at what is now Front and Church Streets. A fifth church was built of brick and measured 50 ft wide by 100 ft long. Its location is believed to be the site of what is now called Church Street Inn and was destroyed in the Natchitoches fire of 1838. It was replaced by the sixth church, which was completed in the Spring of 1839. It was this church that became the first cathedral for the Diocese of Natchitoches, which was established by Pope Pius IX in 1853.</p><br>
<p>The present church was begun in 1857, but because of the American Civil War and the period of Reconstruction that followed it was not completed until sometime between 1900 and 1905. The church building ceased being a cathedral on August 6, 1910 when the See city was transferred from Natchitoches to Alexandria. It was listed as a contributing property in the Natchitoches Historic District in 1974. Pope Benedict XVI elevated the church to the status of a Minor Basilica on February 22, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Sweeney School was a trade school in Kansas City, Missouri, founded by Emory J. Sweeney in 1908 to use the "Sweeney System"  and eventually taught more than a dozen trades, e.g., "Autos, Tractors, and Aviation": Sweeney Automobile School and Sweeney School of Aviation. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Enrollment at the Sweeney School grew significantly to train automobile mechanics and radio technicians during World War I. The Sweeney School was known for its</p><br>
<p>As enrollment began to rapidly increase during World War I, the Sweeney School moved south from its 15th Street location to construction a building that would become a Kansas City landmark. Sweeney built the new high-rise school building for his classes directly across from Union Station on Pershing Road in Kansas City, Missouri. The new ten-story building was completed on October 1, 1917. The new building included 12 acres of floor space and had rooms for 800 students to live on site. The building even had a swimming pool in the basement and a motion picture theatre. The new Sweeney School building claimed to contain the largest cafeteria and dining room in the world as well as the largest electric sign in the world on its roof. The electric sign on the roof towered 80 feet above the top of the building and contained five thousand electrical lamps. In 1917, enrollment at the school was 3,674, and by 1919 enrollment had grown to 7,917.</p><br>
<p>During the 1918 flu pandemic, 2,300 of the 3,000 students enrolled at the school contracted the disease. Fifteen mechanics died between September 29 and October 4. A quarantine was ordered, which proved successful in combating the disease. According to the Missouri Historical Review, "Army officials described the quarantine as a reverse quarantine, because it was designed to protect the Army men from civilians, instead of the opposite."</p><br>
<p>Financial reverses caused the closing of the school, in these quarters, and on November 8, 1929, the building was acquired by the Businessmen&#39;s Assurance company, which renovated and remodeled the structure and used it until the BMA Tower opened in 1963.</p><br>
<p>The Sweeney building on Pershing Road was purchased in 1999 by developer Dan Clothier. Portfolio Kitchen and Home opened a 7,000 square foot showroom in the building in July 2011. The Associated Press has offices on the 2nd floor of the building. The UMKC Institute for Human Development is located on the 4th and 6th floors of the building.</p><br>
<h2>WHB Radio</h2><br>
<p>Radio station WHB was established at the Sweeney Automotive School by Sam Adair and John T. Schilling. The station debuted in April 1922, and it formally gained its license on May 10. WHB may have originally used WOQs transmitter. The twin towers of WHB on Pershing Road became a well-known Kansas City landmark, along with Sweeneys gaudy "LEARN A TRADE" sign atop his building. With Sweeney liquidating his assets following the 1929 financial crisis, the Cook Paint and Varnish Company acquired WHB from Sweeney on April 4, 1930. The sale was approved by the Federal Radio Commission on April 12, 1930.</p><br>
<h2>Sweeney School of Aviation</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, the Sweeney School added aviation to its training programs. The new Sweeney School of Aviation offered opportunities for students to learn to fly and to learn to repair aircraft. The Sweeney School of Aviation leased a relatively undeveloped airfield in Kansas City, Kansas along the banks of the Missouri River. The airport, known as the Sweeney Airport, opened in 1925 after Sweeney constructed a single hangar-workshop holding approximately 6 planes. When financial troubles later set in for the Sweeney school, the airport was taken over by the Wood Brothers Corporation, renamed the Fairfax Airport. The new airport began operations in April 1929, and it was officially dedicated on August 3 and 4, 1929.</p><br>
<p>Gold Creek is a waterway in the southeastern section of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is located in Silver Bow Basin at the edge of Juneau. In 1880, Chief Kowee revealed to prospectors Joe Juneau and Richard Harris the presence of gold in Gold Creek; the city of Juneau was founded in the same year. Named by miners, it was first published in 1883.</p><br>
<p>The first gold placer claims of 4 Oct. 1880 by Harris and Juneau were followed by quartz claims in the name of their employers Pilz and Fuller. These sixteen claims were subsequently the properties of the Ebner Gold Mining Company and the Alaska-Juneau Gold Mining Company. By 1 Jan. 1881, 71 placer claims had been registered in the area.</p><br>
<p>Arrastras were in operation by 1881 with a 5-stamp mill in operation by 1882 to work the Humboldt claim. In 1898 the Last Chance Hydraulic Mining Company was formed to develop the placer by the same name. By 1903, sixty miners were working the three mines in Gold Creek.</p><br>
<p>The mines are located on the "main lode system of the Juneau gold belt." The "principal rock of the mineral zone is black graphite and calcareous slate with quartz veining. The gold ore comes from the quartz veins containing pyrrhotite, pyrite, galena and zinc blende. Ore is also found in pyrrhotite within diorite dikes.</p><br>
<p>Bird Creek is a stream in northeast Oklahoma. The main creek is formed from the waters of North Bird Creek, Middle Bird Creek, and South Bird Creek, all of which rise in Osage County. The South and Middle branches of the creek converge at Bluestem Lake. Outflow from the lake is called Middle Bird Creek. North Bird Creek joins Middle Bird Creek northwest of Pawhuska, and from that point on is simply Bird Creek. From Pawhuska, the creek flows southeastward and eastward through the north side of the Tulsa metropolitan area, before reaching its mouth at the Verdigris River near Catoosa. Major tributaries include Birch Creek, Hominy Creek and Mingo Creek. There are numerous minor tributaries, both named and unnamed, that have contributed to historical flooding problems in the Tulsa area.</p><br>
<p>Birch Creek is impounded by Birch Lake, south of Barnsdall, Oklahoma. Hominy Creek is impounded by Skiatook Lake dam about 14.3 miles above its confluence with Bird Creek.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Two relatively small battles occurred in Indian Territory along Bird Creek during the Civil War: the Battle of Chusto-Talasah and the Battle of Chustenahlah.</p><br>
<h3>Significance in Tulsa's flooding history</h3><br>
<p>Historically, Bird Creek was a frequent site of flooding in the Tulsa area. However, flood control did not seem to be considered a serious problem until Tulsas population growth spilled out into the Bird Creek watershed east and north of downtown Tulsa. The city issued its first land-use plan after a serious flood along the Arkansas River in 1923, but this plan was aimed more preventing flooding along the Arkansas than in the Bird Creek watershed. Not until three floods in August, September and December of 1971, did angry residents demand that the problem be fixed. Tulsa responded by joining the National Flood Insurance Program, adopting a new definition of the 100-year flood standard and promising to regulate flood plain use. In 1974, disastrous floods occurred on Bird Creek in April and May, then on June 8 along Mingo, Joe, Fry and Haikey creeks. Finally, a flood of Mingo creek on September 19 was enough evidence for the residents to show that the citys previous actions had been wholly insufficient.</p><br>
<p>McColley&#39;s Chapel is a Methodist chapel located between Ellendale and Georgetown, Delaware. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 30, 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The property consists of a single-story church facing east-northeast, surrounded by a cemetery. The church proper is a simple wood-framed gabled structure covered in asphalt shingles, with a chancel projecting from the back and a brick chimney applied to the south side. The facade features an open pediment in the gable and a pair of windows flanking the central entrance, with a wooden sign over the door; each side also has three tall, narrow double-hung windows, with a smaller window on either side of the chancel. The interior is fitted with box pews flanking a center aisle, and a pulpit and altar, also aligned with the center line of the building. The chancel opening has plain casing surmounted by a pediment; the back wall of the altar area is ornamented by column casing supporting a dentil architrave.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery contains burials from 1860 up to 2007. Some plots are surrounded by iron railings; older tombstones are generally of marble and are hard to read. Many of the stones have elaborate low relief, but some stone are simple obelisks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This is the second church building on this land, which was donated by James Rudden in 1857. This building fell into disrepair and was destroyed in a fire sometime in the late 1890s. The current building, its replacement, was constructed in 1898. The church is still used for services and is under the Peninsula-Delaware Conference of the United Methodist Church.</p><br>
<p>The Middletown Academy was a historic school located in Middletown, Delaware. Founded in 1826 through lottery subscription and constructed the following year, it became part of the public school system in 1876 and was closed in 1929. The school building survives and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 5, 1972. It presently houses the town historical society and chamber of commerce.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The school building was constructed in two phases. The original building was a five bay, two and half story structure topped with an octagonal belfry (since converted into a closed cupola). The exterior walls are brick covered in stucco, the result of a trip to Philadelphia by a trustee sent to investigate the possibility. An annex was constructed around 1872, also of brick but painted rather than stuccoed. Both the annex and the original portion feature round-headed dormers to light the attic. There are three rooms on each floor and a central hall in the original section. This layout remains unchanged though the interior has been updated considerably over the years to accommodate the various tenants.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The academy had its genesis in an 1824 petition by a group of local farmers and merchants to the general assembly, asking that they be allowed to hold a lottery to construct a building for "an academy and elementary school, and also a room for public worship." The petition was granted to allow $6000 to be raised; this was amended the following year to $10,000. The lottery was sold in May 1825, and an initial six acre land purchase was made in November; one tenant refused to vacate, however, and William Crawford, one of the trustees of the nascent academy, donated an adjacent two acre lot the following May. The cornerstone was laid in August, and the school finally opened in October 1827.</p><br>
<p>The school operated as a private academy until 1876. In that year the building was leased to the two local public school districts, and the private academy was abandoned. Two years later the public schools were consolidated into a single Middletown school district, centered on the old academy building. Classes continued to be held there until 1929, when a new public school building was opened in the town. Eventually the academy trustees sold the building to the federal government, which planned to build a post office on the property. Popular reaction led to the formation of the St. Georges Hundred Historical Society, which took possession of the building in 1945. The town purchased the property in 1960, and over the years used it to house offices, a library, a police station and a meeting hall.</p><br>
<p>The Lower Blackburn Grade Bridge, also named the Van Duzen River Bridge or Mile 18 Bridge, is a 258 ft reinforced concrete through arch with a main span approximately 150 ft over the Van Duzen River about 4 mi west of Bridgeville, California, United States. It was active from its construction in 1925 to 1985 when replaced.</p><br>
<p>The bridge has inset panels along the ornate concrete through arch and an architectural rail and is the only reinforced concrete through arch built along the Van Duzen River Highway. It is one of five bridges on the Fortuna to Red Bluff route on California State Route 36 designed by architect John B. Leonard in the years 1923 to 1925. The bridge was built by Humboldt County in 1925 to replace the steep grades and dangerous curves of the Blackburn Grade and a covered bridge at Bridgeville. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 25 June 1981.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was bypassed and abandoned for vehicle traffic in 1985 when a reinforced concrete box girder bridge replaced the older bridge.</p><br>
<p>The Old Stone Arch Bridge is the second-oldest extant bridge in the United States, after the Frankford Avenue Bridge  over Pennypack Creek in North Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is the oldest bridge in New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>The Old Stone Arch Bridge was built in 1731 spanning the Green Brook, connecting Bound Brook (Somerset County) and Middlesex Borough (Middlesex County) in north central, New Jersey and carried the Great Road Up Raritan laid out in 1681 that was created by an act of the Assembly of the province of East Jersey. In 1764 the colonial highway, west to what is now Lambertville on The Delaware River and east to Elizabethtown Point on Newark Bay was christened Old York Road, This highway was the shortest route between Philadelphia and New York City (reached by ferry), the two most populous cities in the United States through the late 18th century. It was built shortly after the Kings Highway called a variety of names, but most prominently when the old Indian path, the Assunpink Trail was widened and only slightly improved, the Upper Road. The bridge allowed farmers, plantation owners and everyone else west and north of the Raritan River a direct and practical route to the colonial ports of New Brunswick and Raritan Landing. Since the early 1870s the Old Stone Arch Bridge has been buried up to the parapets (stone walls along the roadway) due to construction of a railroad embankment.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The bridge made from rough-hewn masonry and stone which is believed to be locally quarried is a classic, 3-arch edifice. The center span is about 17.9 and two side arches are about 126" (west) and 123 (east). The roadway between the exposed south and not visible north parapet which might at some point have been widened is about 26. It has an overall length of about 796, making it even longer than the famous Pennypack Creek Bridge. Currently only the south parapet and a varying sized spandrel, 4 in the center and 6 at each end is visible. This is believed to indicate originally before the roadway was flattened out, it was a typical humpback or camelback bridge, typical of the day. A concrete barrier like those used to on many highways was installed several years ago to protect the south parapet. Only an obscure sign, often hidden behind weeds and wild bushes and large trucks and trailers that park alongside it identifies what lies beneath.</p><br>
<h2>Endangered status</h2><br>
<p>The bridge having been buried for over 140 years is listed by ‘’Preservation New Jersey’’ as one of the “10 Most Endangered Historic Sites in New Jersey. However as explained below, Somerset County, which has assumed responsibility for the structure, has invested almost $100,000 according to its Cultural and Heritage Commission, with full cooperation from its neighboring Middlesex County Cultural and Heritage Commission, to unearth and restore the state&#39;s most historic bridge.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Communities</h2><br>
<p>The center of bridge is the border between Somerset and Middlesex Counties and the communities within those counties of Bound Brook and Middlesex Boroughs. In 1731 Bound Brook Borough was part of Bridgewater and Middlesex Borough Part of Piscataway.</p><br>
<h2>Byways that crossed the bridge</h2><br>
<p>Today’s SR 27 and 206 south of Princeton, NJ was the first road in northern New Jersey. It originally extended to Salem, NJ and was designated "Old Salem Road." This portion of the original road still carries that name. It was known by various other names including the first, the Indian "Asapink Trial (or Path)," "Upper Road," "Old Dutch Road" and in "Lincoln Highway" The second highway was Camden and Amboy Turnpike with portions of today’s Cranbury Road were the first three important highways in the New Jersey. It was original known as "Lawrie&#39;s Road" or "Lower Road.", the third one was what is a portion of today’s River Road that extends from Piscataway to Bound Brook. Until about the time of the Revolutionary War, River Road was not a significant highway, but portions of it veered northeast to present day Dunellen, originally known as Quibble Town and then New Market as the ‘’Great Road Up Raritan’’ which then turned west and continued southwest to the point where it crossed the Old Stone Arch Bridge and then proceeded through Bound Brook and west roughly along the north bank of the Raritan River to point where the river divides into its north and south branches in appropriately named Branchburg. From there it followed a variety of existing roads southwest toward the Delaware River. Further evidence that the highway was known by that name was provided in 1936 by Cornelius C. Vermeule in his ‘’Raritan Landing That Was’’, 1675-1875 (1936) which provided an road map he, a local historian born and bred in Raritan Landing (see below) drew to recreate the route).</p><br>
<p>Starting in Cheltenham, Pennsylvania north of Philadelphia as early as the late 17th century groundswell began to build a highway from that City of Brotherly Love to New Hope on the Delaware River across from one of the major ferry’s to New Jersey at Coryell’s Ferry (now Lambertville) The highway was conceived by a petition to Governor Charles Gookin and his Council in 1691 by the Cheltenham, Pennsylvania settlers that a road be built between “the river Delaware to the City of Philadelphia,” that resulted in a survey being done in 1711 From 1711 to 1772 it was constructed and ran from Central Philadelphia to Elizabethtown (now Elizabeth) Point. It was known as Old York Road. The main road still exists under a variety of other names, but a large portion still has that name in Pennsylvania and New Jersey from Lambertville to Hillsborough as it crossed SR 206 It was formally accepted and authorized after a 1762 Road Survey conducted by Somerset County that ended with its eastern terminus in that county as ‘’to middle of Bound Brook Stone Bridge’’</p><br>
<p>Being the shortest route from Philadelphia to New York City, Old York Road was selected by the Swift Sure Stagecoach line that was granted a franchise by the two states It ran well into the middle of the 19th century until the rise of the railroads made all stage coach travel obsolete. The ‘’Old Stage Inn’’ on Front Street and Park Avenue in Scotch Plains, New Jersey, built in 1737 was one of the original taverns and stage coach stops, also called ‘’ordinaries’’ where mail was dropped off and passengers could stop, eat and get refreshed and even spend the night. It is still in business in much of its historic ambiance as a popular restaurant just south of USA 22. A memorial marker sits on a small boulder next to a flagpole on Front Street just in front of the inn.</p><br>
<h2>Crossing the waterways</h2><br>
<p>The first bridges in New Jersey in colonial days were a few logs dropped across a stream with sawn timbers fastened to them to provide a flat, relatively even surface. Occasionally a handrail was added on one side for safety. Most were funded by local municipalities.</p><br>
<p>Today in New Jersey, almost exclusively in the central and northern portions of the state in or close to mountainous terrain where the stone is abundance, stone arch bridges that still exist number in the hundreds and probably thousands. Most were built between the 1820s and the turn of the century. (There are few in the southern portions of the state, probably because it was less congested and traveled and because there was not the natural stone available in the north.)</p><br>
<h2>Need to bring goods to market … impact of Raritan Landing</h2><br>
<p>The Old Stone Arch Bridge needed to be built in the first place for no greater reason than the fact the Green Brook presented an uncrossable obstacle for hunters, farmers, tradesmen and all other travelers between northwest New Jersey and all points west who chose to follow the major east-west river in the state.</p><br>
<p>In the early 18th century traveling along the northern bank of the Raritan westward from Somerset County required crossing the Green Brook which divided above its confluence with the Raritan River it from Middlesex County. Unlike many other rivers and waterway crossings in the colonies and New Jersey in particular there was no established ferry. So it was literally impossible to cross the brook without taking an extremely long and time-consuming northern bypass. This became particularly a problem because of the emergence of the ports of New Brunswick and Raritan Landing across from each other on the river.</p><br>
<p>Raritan Landing emerged as a vital port community during the 1720s. It was situated at the farthest inland point on the Raritan River that could be navigated by merchant ships of the day. In its heyday, the Landing was the center for local trade and, along with New Brunswick, served as a hub for imports and exports to and from the Raritan Valley. By the 1740s, there were approximately 70 structures and more than 100 inhabitants. By the end of the Revolutionary War it had become insignificant, after being ravished by the invading British armies and overshadowed by New Brunswick where the river was deeper.</p><br>
<h2>Old Stone Bridge, buried for 140 years</h2><br>
<p>The Old Stone Arch Bridge is obscurely located along what is no more than a rough road driveway to a warehouse occupied by trucking company. The third oldest-span stone arch bridge that carries the historic Kings Highway over Stony Brook between Princeton and Lawrenceville was built in 1792, and although after the colonial era, it is part of an early and important regional thoroughfare.</p><br>
<p>Thomas D’Amico, Historical Site Coordinator for the Somerset County Cultural and Heritage Commission and his commission and the county’ Board of Chosen Freeholders commissioned a feasibility study that included excavating portions of the structure that were buried in the early 1870s when the second of three railroad lines passed through Bound Brook. The results were that they found the bridge despite being buried for over 140 years in the ground (the portion of the brook it spanned it which flowed into the Raritan River just a hundred or so yards to the south was at that same time redirected and the ground under the bridge is dry.</p><br>
<h2>Rediscovery and proposed unearthing and preservation</h2><br>
<p>The bridge was significant for about the same length of time, 140 years it has been insignificant when for all intense and purpose. It thecersrly 1870&#39;s it was superseded as the premiere land route across the Green Brook by the railroads. However it is planned to be significant as the centerpoint of what has been suggested to be the Old Stone Bridge Park by the borough. Until recently even its approximate date of construction was in issue, but state records have now been found that validates its approximate building date:</p><br>
<p>The construction of a bridge in the vicinity was authorized by the Provincial legislature in 1727/28:</p><br>
<p>"There shall be a Bridge built over the Bound-Brook, in the most commodious place on the North-East-Side of the Road, as it now lies from Piscataway, in the County of Middlesex, up Raritan River".</p><br>
<p>Construction of this bridge reportedly had not begun by 1730, when the legislature passed a supplementary act to clarify the intent of the earlier law regarding the Bound Brook bridge:</p><br>
<p>“Whereas the Bridge to be built over Bound Brook, between the County of Middlesex and Somerset..has hitherto met with Obstructions, arising from Mistakes concerning the Meaning and Intention of the said Act: For Remedy whereof, and to prevent any further Delay that may be made in building the said Bridge so much wanted for the publick Use...That as soon as conveniently may be after the Publication of this Act, there shall be a Bridge built over the Bound Brook, on the most commodious Place on the North East Side of the Road now used, as it lies from Piscataway, in the County of Middlesex, up Raritan River, which Road, as the same is now used, shall be deemed and taken for the Road or High-way, and good and sufficient Causeways laid and made to the said Bridge in the said Counties; which Bridge so to be built, and Causeways so to be laid and made...one Third Part at the Expence of the County of Middlesex...The other two Third Parts thereof at the Expence of the County of Somerset”</p><br>
<p>No records have been discovered to prove exactly when the bridge was actually constructed but all evidence points to 1731.</p><br>
<p>A legislative act of 1760 regulating roads and bridges clearly references this arrangement, stating:</p><br>
<p>"two Stone Bridges and a Causeway have been built near the Mouth of Bound-Brook"</p><br>
<p>The second stone bridge referenced in the act was located at the eastern end of the causeway. This structure extended over the tail race for the neighboring gristmill. The exact construction date of the gristmill is unknown; however, it is believed to predate the bridges and causeway. A 1766 map of Somerset County depicts the gristmill on the Raritan Road, upstream from the causeway, and attributes it to "Fields.” Michael Field, a miller and merchant in Bound Brook, was most likely the operator of the gristmill on Green Brook. Field did not then own the property, but the land had belonged to his family as early as the 1720s. The gristmill was likely built either during the tenure of Michael&#39;s father, Jeremiah (1729-1747), or his brother, also Jeremiah, prior to 1765</p><br>
<p>Hunter Research was commissioned by the Army Corp of Engineers which has been analyzing the problem and gradually attempting to resolve the boroughs catastrophic historic flooding disasters to write a brochure entitled "Saving Bound Brook. Where the Green Brook Meets The Raritan" was also commissioned to analyze creating a large historic district about a decade ago. It considered and proposed including the bridge, another at the end of the long-destroyed causeway that spanned the new leg of the Green Brook that flowed into the Raritan and a few other structures on the National Register of Historic Places maintained by the National Park Service. That bridge, a “Warren-truss” iron bridge typical of many that were built, some of which still survive in New Jersey was built in 1894. It replaced a wooden “kings post” crossing that replaced the second stone bridge only a decade before. The company speculated that the kings post bridge only lasted such a short period of time because it was not made to last long being made of wood and because of that was not particularly study. It also theorized that since along this route a trolley service began around the same time operated by the Brunswick Traction Company a larger, stronger structure was needed.</p><br>
<p>In 1932 with the construction of a larger, more modern bridge financed by both counties along East Main Street which became Lincoln Avenue at its eastern end in Middlesex Borough in Middlesex County all road traffic was diverted to that bridge. About the same time the trolleys went out of service. The Warren-truss bridge due to wear, probable flooding and what appears to be lack of proper maintenance was considered a hazard and was closed. For all intents and purposes this ended the 301-year life of the original historic Philadelphia to New York City highway that crossed the bridge as that portion of the creek is again impassable as it was before 1731.</p><br>
<h3>Role in the Revolutionary War</h3><br>
<p>Even before all of the information above came to light, the Old Stone Arch Bridge that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008 as a national landmark. It achieved that recognition in large part because as most of the small, descriptive sign states, it played an important role in the war. In 1777 a force of British soldiers that had marched under color of darkness during the middle of the night from New Brunswick and surprised the much smaller contingent of American troops and rag-tag militia members in the Battle of Bound Brook. Legend or at least the diary of one of the British soldiers stated that they were held at bay due to &#39;murderous fire" from their enemy who were positioned in a garrison near the bridge. This minor skirmish apparently lasted no more than "eight to ten minutes" according to his diary when the Americans abandoned their position as more British reinforcements appeared.</p><br>
<h2>Future</h2><br>
<p>If the cultural and heritage commissions and Somerset County along with the Borough of Bound Bridge all have their way, the bridge and a Stone Bridge Park when the bridge is unearthed and restored will be the highlight of a Raritan River Park that will extend the length of that county along the north banks of the River. The combined plans call for an ambitious greenway and park&#39; along the northern banks of the river over the entire length of it within that county and the Borough of Bound Brook Bridge will have and enjoy its historic river front restored, which will necessitate the rerouting of the southern railroad line and removing the embankment that has been a barrier with the riverfront and downtown Bound Brook for over 140 years</p><br>
<p>Look See Tree is a lookout tree located at the southwest corner of Arkansas Highway 83 and Pleasant Springs Road in Coleman, Arkansas. The tree was used as a fire lookout for roughly ten to fifteen years from c. 1930 to c. 1940. As the tree was the tallest tree in what was at the time an open area, it provided an inexpensive lookout for Arkansas Forestry Commission rangers. The tree was fitted with climbing pegs, a platform, and a telephone line which connected to a ranger station. A fire tower eventually assumed the tree&#39;s function, but the pegs and platform were left in the tree. The Look See Tree was, as of 2006, the only remaining lookout tree in Arkansas.</p><br>
<p>The Look See Tree was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 23, 2008.</p><br>
